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American Education. Going to School. Each fall more than 70 million young Americans walk through the doorways of about 100 000 elementary and secondary schools for the start of a new school year. 美国大学生人数. 中国学生人数（单位：万）.
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Going to School • Each fall more than 70 million young Americans walk through the doorways of about 100000 elementary and secondary schools for the start of a new school year.
Filling classrooms from kindergarten to the 12th grade, students attend classes for an average of five hours a day, five days a week, until the beginning of the following summer.
Curriculum 1.Elementary School mathematics, language arts, penmanship, science, social studies, music, art, PE 2.Secondary School Required Subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies, PE,etc Elective Subjects: business education, industrial trade, foreign languages,etc
Puritan contribution education • ---1. In 1634, they open a “Latin grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college. • ---2. In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers • ---3. In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of schools.(清教徒制定的法律规定，所有的财产都要上税，用于支持公益项目，包括对学校的赞助)
Higher Education Entrance Requirements: 1.High school scores 2. Recommendations from high school teachers 3.Impression made during the interview at the university 4. Scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)
The finance of public and private universities • Student tuition • Endowments (donations) • Government funding (such as public tax money)
Reasons for the flourish of universities • Best libraries and facilities for scientific research • New and different Research programs • Particularly challenging courses • Higher quantity of education, quantity of teaching faculty included • Competence and number of applicants for admission
Higher Education • The demands of entering a leading university： 1. High school records 2. Recommendations from high school teachers 3. The impression they make during interviews at the university 4. Scores on the SATS
SATS: Scholastic Aptitude Tests • The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is probably the most widely known of all academic testing materials. • Administered by the College Board service. • Approximately 2 million college students take the test every year.
SAT consisted of only two content areas: reading/language arts and mathematics. In each of those, the maximum score attainable was an 800. • All questions were multiple-choice. In recent years, a writing section has been added to the basic SAT, so that the maximum possible perfect score is 2400.
The system of higher education:4 categories of institutions • the university • the four-year undergraduate institution----the college • the technical training institution • the two-year, or community college It refers to education on the college level
Desirable institutions in which to study and from which to graduate • Costly • Benefits (employment opportunity, social mobility) • By taking SATS (admission examinations) • Disputes on the exams
An affirmative action program contains quantitative analyses designed to evaluate the composition of the Laboratory workforce and compare it to the composition of the relevant external labor pools; action-oriented programs with specific practical steps to address underutilization of minorities and women (if women and minorities are not being employed at a rate to be expected given their availability in the relevant external labor pools); internal auditing and reporting systems to measure the Laboratory’s progress in hiring minorities and women; and mechanisms to monitor the Laboratory’s employment decisions in order to evaluate the impact of those decisions on minorities and women.
Education for All---Affirmative Action • Affirmative action is that, absent discrimination, an employer’s workforce, generally, will reflect the gender, racial, and ethnic profile of the labor pools from which the employer recruits and selects. An affirmative action program is a management tool designed to ensure equal employment opportunity, and includes those policies, practices, and procedures that the Laboratory implements to ensure that all qualified applicants and employees are receiving an equal opportunity for recruitment, selection, advancement, training, development, and every other term, condition, and privilege of employment.
