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American Education Policy

American Education Policy. What Works Link to Education data. Chapter 9 key terms. Expanding the federal role raceeligion Unequal funding –states serano v priest; San Antonio v Rodriquez Equality outside the US Merit pay, Bilingual ed School vouchers, pro and con Charter schools | NCLB.

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American Education Policy

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  1. American Education Policy What Works Link to Education data

  2. Chapter 9 key terms • Expanding the federal role race\religion • Unequal funding –states serano v priest; San Antonio v Rodriquez • Equality outside the US • Merit pay, Bilingual ed • School vouchers, pro and con • Charter schools | NCLB

  3. College Graduation Rates, 1995 - 2008 (sum of age-level first degree completion rates) Health Care | Education | Higher Education | Poverty | Crime and Punishment | Debt and Deficits | Defense

  4. % Bachelors Degrees in Mathematics and Science, 2006 *Tertiary Type A institutions OECD, Education at a Glance, 2012 Health Care | Education | Higher Education | Poverty | Crime and Punishment | Debt and Deficits | Defense

  5. The Coleman Report • James S. Coleman, et. al., “Equality of Educational Opportunity”, 1966 • surveyed 600,000 students, 60,000 teachers, 4,000 schools • study required by 1964 Civil Rights Act, • purpose: to measure the lack of equal educational opportunity in the U. S.

  6. Findings: • schools serving black pupils not physically inferior to schools serving white pupils. • money spent, class size, laboratories,guidance counseling, teacher salaries,teacher qualification had no effecton academic achievement.

  7. Findings.............. • Students with parents with high socio-economic status (SES) had higher scholastic achievement. • Students who went to school with students whose parents had high SEShad higher scholastic achievement.

  8. Thomas F. Pettigrew • reanalyzed Coleman’s data: • Black students attending mostly white schools averaged two grade levels higher achievement than black pupils in segregated schools. • White students’ in integrated schoolsno worse than white students in segregated schools.

  9. Policy Implications: • Stop worrying about money? • Family background: compensate with: HEAD START. • Peer Group Influences: SCHOOL BUSING

  10. David Armour: • “The Evidence on Busing,” 1972 • study of the effects of a Boston School Busing program

  11. Findings: • Black students bused to white schools did not improve their performance relative to those who were not bused. • Bused students were more likely to go on to better colleges • other studies generally support these findings.

  12. Coleman Report II • “Trends in School Desegregation” • Private schools more integrated than public schools (sort of) • School Busing causes “White Flight” • (not a very good study)

  13. What about HEAD START? • 1968 Ohio-Westinghouse Study • No long-term cognitive gains for Head Start pupils compared to similar non-Head Start pupils. • subsequent studies equally divided.

  14. Perry Pre-School Program(controlled experiment) • 66 students in long-term high quality program. • no long-term improvement in cognitive scores. • BUT.. • more likely to be employed, go to college • 20% fewer drop outs, • less crime • fewer special education assignments

  15. Other studies: • Compensatory education program show no effect • Worker training programs show no effect. • Whole Language learning (vs. phonics) • Bilingual Education

  16. So, What Does Work?

  17. Coleman Report III • “High School Achievement,” 1982 • Compares students in public high schools with students in private (Catholic) high schools. • Measures changes in Reading, Science and Math during high school. • Comparison based on students with similar family SES

  18. Findings • Private school students do better • BECAUSE: • more academic course work • more homework • better attendance • stricter discipline • Public Schools can do the same thing

  19. Other studies: • Project STAR (1990) – small class size in early grades has long term positive effect. (controlled experiment) • Vouchers: Harvard study (2000) finds 9% gain for black students after two years on school vouchers (experiment in New York, Washington and Dayton).

  20. Other Possibilities • Single-Sex Education • Longer School Days \ School Year • Standardized Testing • Ending Social Promotion • Merit Pay • Home Schooling • Parenting skills

  21. Bilingual Education Affirmative Action Multicultural Education School busing Whole language learning Teacher salaries Finance equity Social promotion Self esteem Student rights Critical thinking (sort of) New math Sex education Liberal Programs

  22. Higher standards Local control School Vouchers School Prayer Discipline Home schooling Higher teacher standards Phonics Back to basics Merit pay for teachers Old math Abstinence education Standardized test Local standards Conservative programs

  23. Longer school day Longer school year Same sex schools (con?) Smaller class size (lib?) Smaller schools School uniforms (con?) Neither Liberal nor Conservative

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