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IONS

IONS. ISOTOPES. Are atoms that differ in the number of neutrons. Atomic Number is to number of protons an atom has. It can also be the number of electrons an atom has in an atom if that atom is neutral

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IONS

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  1. IONS

  2. ISOTOPES • Are atoms that differ in the number of neutrons

  3. Atomic Number is to number of protons an atom has. It can also be the number of electrons an atom has in an atom if that atom is neutral • Mass Number is the sum of protons and neutrons. It is either given or it can be calculated. It is not on the periodic table • The atomic mass of an element listed in the periodic table is the weighted average of the atomic masses of all isotopes present in nature

  4. Ions • Ions are charged atoms that are formed by either gaining or losing electrons • Cation is a positively charged atom formed by losing 1 or more electrons (metals) • Anion is a negatively charged atom formed by gaining 1 or more electrons (nonmetals) • Atoms gain or lose electrons so they can have the same number electrons as the closest noble gas

  5. MONOATOMIC CATIONS • Positively charged atoms of just the 1 element • Monoatomic means just 1 atom • Are your metals • Lose electrons

  6. NAMING MONOATOMIC CATIONS • To determine the charge you count “back” to the closest noble gas. That is the charge! • To Name • Name the element • Add ion!

  7. MONOATOMIC CATIONSthat are not transition elements

  8. MONOATOMIC CATIONS THAT ARE TRANSITION ELEMENTS • Name the element • BUT because these have varying charges a Roman Numeral must be used to identify the charge • 1+ I • 2+ II • 3+ III • 4+ IV • Etc, etc, etc

  9. MONOATOMIC CATIONS WITH VARYING CHARGES!

  10. MONOATOMIC ANIONS • Anions have negative charges • Want to gain as many electrons as the closest noble gas • Names change here!!! • Name the element and get rid of its ending • Add –IDE • Add ion

  11. MONOATOMIC ANIONS

  12. POLYATOMIC IONS • Are ions of more the one atom • They are typically oxyanions which are anions composed of oxygen and another element • Will have an ending of –ate or –ite • The anion with the smaller number of oxygen uses the root of the element plus –ite • The one with the higher number uses the root plus -ate

  13. MUST KNOW IONS

  14. Halo –Oxy Anions

  15. ADDING HYDROGEN TO POLYATOMIC IONS • Put a hydrogen in front of the ion • Increase the charge by 1 each time • Name it • Hydrogen + ion for 1 hydrogen • 2 hydrogens would be dihydrogen + ion

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