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International Standards And Electronic Commerce

Understand the need for thorough problem review, diverse perspectives, and stakeholder inclusion for effective international standards in E-commerce. Avoid incomplete solutions by cataloging problems and seeking better understanding. Focus on interoperable and widely adopted standards.

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International Standards And Electronic Commerce

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  1. International Standards AndElectronic Commerce Frank Farance, Farance Inc.New York, NY, USA+1 212 486 4700frank@farance.comhttp://www.farance.com Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  2. A Technical Rationale For International Standards • Review problem before proposing solution • Several perspectives, stakeholders • Catalog problems • Better understanding of problem • Better solutions • Useful, interoperable, widely adopted standards Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  3. Many Possibilities For Poor, Incomplete Solutions • DON’T review problem before proposing solution ==> • Just propose solutions: not just Java, XML, PKI • Just use credit cards over Internet • Integration problems • Cultural problems • Solutions based on market share, not needs • Proprietary solutions Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  4. Many Possibilities For Poor, Incomplete Solutions • DON’T incorporate several perspectives and stakeholders ==> • Optimum for one class of consumers, not all • Optimum for one industry, not many • Optimum for one country, not many • Optimum for one set of laws/regulations • Optimum for one type of network, not many • Optimum for one type of currency/instrument • Optimum for one type of transaction Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  5. Many Possibilities For Poor, Incomplete Solutions • DON’T catalog problems ==> • Integration issues as solutions are broadly adopted: security, fraud/audit , nomadicity, currency, legal, consumer protection, usability • May abort solution if unworkable • May become too expensive to be practical Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  6. Many Possibilities For Poor, Incomplete Solutions • DON’T strive for better understanding of problem ==> • Take first solution that works somewhat ==> penalty: large commitment to poor solution • Revise technology/solutions every 3-5 years ==> penalty: high maintenance, incompatible • Don’t anticipate related technologies: security, data interchange, cultural/user adaptation ==> penalty: very expensive rework Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  7. Activity within ISO/IEC JTC1 (Information Technology) • Business Team on Electronic Commerce • Focus: identify “work items” for new standards; developed report and proposal • Responsive, non-traditional gathering of international industry players • National, regional, industry, cross-sectoral interests • Chair: Ulrich Hartmann, Siemens, Germany Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  8. Review Existing Systems, Reports, and Specifications • CommerceNet's Architectural Framework for Internet Commerce (eCo System) • EBES/EWOS Building Blocks for Electronic Commerce • Electronic Commerce Promotion Council of Japan (ECOM) common platform for Consumer-EC Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  9. Review Existing Systems, Reports, and Specifications • Java Electronic Commerce Framework (JECF) • Object Management Group (OMG) Electronic Commerce Reference Model • Open Trading Protocol (OTP) • Secure Electronic Market Place for Europe (SEMPER) Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  10. Review Existing Systems, Reports, and Specifications • CEN/TC 224 - ISO/TC 68/SC 6, Group for Standardization on Electronic Commerce • JTC 1/SC 27 ad hoc Group GII Security • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “Measuring Electronic Commerce” [OCDE/GD(97)185] • “Consumer Requirements In Electronic Commerce”, Norway Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  11. Review Existing Systems, Reports, and Specifications • “Measuring Information Society 1997”, Information Society Activity Centre, of the European Commission. • “Eurobarometer”: 16000 interviews in all European Union countries, measuring interest in new information and communication technologies Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  12. ISO/IEC JTC1 CAW (Cultural Adaptation Workshop) • Information technology systems that address differing needs of users, cultures, regulations: Localization (L10N) vs. Internationalization (I18N) • Not specific to electronic commerce • Important area because it defines the “semantics” of the transactions • http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/caw Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  13. ANSI IISP (Information Infrastructure Standards Panel) • Coordinates US GII activity • Identifies cross-industry standards needs • Origin: White House NII initiative by Vice President Al Gore; now global perspective • 160+ standards needs identified in many areas: security, nomadicity, electronic publications, multimedia, networking, appliances, etc.: http://www.ansi.org/iisp Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  14. Next Step: Catalog Problems • Review problem before proposing solution • Several perspectives, stakeholders • Catalog problems • Better understanding of problem • Better solutions • Useful, interoperable, widely adopted standards Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  15. Main Areas of Standardization • User interfaces • Basic functions • Definition and encoding of data and other objects Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  16. User Interfaces • Icons • Dialogue design principles • Customer profiles Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  17. Basic Functions • Trading protocols • Payment methods • Security mechanisms • Identification and authentication • Auditing and recordkeeping Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  18. Definition and Encoding of DataAnd Other Objects • IT-enablement of existing standards • Techniques for defining message semantics • Localization (L10N) • Registration authorities • Value domains Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  19. Trading Protocols:The Transaction • Financial Events: debits and credits associated with the accounting systems of the parties of the transaction • Business Process: customary steps and flow of a certain type of business • Information Bundles: information attached to the steps of the business process and/or to the financial events Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  20. Payment Methods • Existing Work: CyberCash, CyberCoin, DigiCash ecash, E-check, e-COMM, Electronic Purse Systems (e.g., Mondex, GeldKarte, Clip, prEN 1546), EMV, Home Banking Computer Interface (HBCI), JEPI, Millicent, Proton, Secure Electronic Transactions (SET), Visa Cash • Standards Work: ANSI X9, ECBS (European Committee on Banking Stds) Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  21. Security Mechanisms • Integrity of Transactions and Information • Digital Signatures • Harmonize methods • Need common signing method for consumer • Key Management Infrastructure • Standards Work: JTC1/SC27, TC68, IETF PKIX, IEEE P1363 Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  22. Identification, Authentication • Confidentiality • Anonymity • Identifiers • Authentication • Standards Work: JTC1/SC27, JTC1/SC31, JTC1/SC32, TC68 Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  23. Auditing, Recordkeeping • Still many open issues • Internationalization (I18N) increases complexity of harmonization: How are systems audited across country borders? • Too new to define Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  24. Next Steps: Current Activity • Review problem before proposing solution • Several perspectives, stakeholders • Catalog problems • Better understanding of problem • Better solutions • Useful, interoperable, widely adopted standards Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  25. Years Away:Common, Standard Solutions • Review problem before proposing solution • Several perspectives, stakeholders • Catalog problems • Better understanding of problem • Better solutions • Useful, interoperable, widely adopted standards Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  26. Summary and Conclusions • Review problem before proposing solution • Mostly complete • Still to come: regulatory issues, cultural issues, agreement on security/fraud/audit methods • Several perspectives, stakeholders • Review is complete • Catalog problems • Complete; localization issues are, well, local Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  27. Summary and Conclusions • Better understanding of problem • Yes, but ... important issues still to resolve • Affects integration, e.g., security, nomadicity • Better solutions • Useful, interoperable, widely adopted standards Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  28. Electronic Commerce Links • EBES / EWOS: European Board on EDI Standardization / European Workshop for Open Systemshttp://www.cenorm.be/isss • ECOM (of Japan): Electronic Commerce Promotion Council (of Japan)http://www.ecom.or.jp/eng/index.htm Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  29. Electronic Commerce Links • e-COMMhttp://www.e-comm.fr/anglais/sommaire.html • EMV: The Europay International, MasterCard International and Visa International Consortiumhttp://www.visa.com/cgi-bin/vee/nt/chip/download.html?2+0 • JECF: Java Electronic Commerce Framework http:/java.sun.com Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  30. Electronic Commerce Links • JEPI: Joint Electronic Payment Initiative (from CommerceNet and W3C)http://www.w3c.org • OBI: Open Buying on the Internethttp://www.supplyworks.com/obi/ • OECD: Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Developmenthttp://www.oecd.org Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  31. Electronic Commerce Links • OMG: Object Management Grouphttp://www.omg.org • OTP: Open Trading Protocolhttp://www.otp.org • SEMPER: Secure Electronic Market Place for Europe http://www.semper.org • SET: Secure Electronic Transactions http://www.setco.org/ Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  32. Other Links • Business Team on Electronic Commerce Report: JTC1/N5296 http://www.jtc1.org • ISO-IEC JTC1 CAW: Cultural Adaptability Workshophttp://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/caw • ANSI IISP: American National Standards Institute, Information Infrastructure Standards Panelhttp://www.ansi.org/iisp Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

  33. Other Links • Cross-Standards Collaboration Activity (links to GII standards and consortia)http://www.GlobalCollaboration.ORG • Frank Farance, Farance Inc.Phone: +1 212 486 4700E-mail: frank@farance.comhttp://www.farance.com • This presentation at: http://www.farance.com/ifip Frank Farance, IFIP 1998

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