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CYC: The Common Sense Knowledge Base

CYC: The Common Sense Knowledge Base. By: Jeremy Berman Alok Sahgal Dr. Reed CSC 550. Intro. History What is Cyc? How does it work? Applications OpenCyc CycSecure. History of CYC. Douglas B. Lenat and MCC (1984) GOFAI at a massive scale Construct “Common Sense” knowledge

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CYC: The Common Sense Knowledge Base

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  1. CYC: The Common Sense Knowledge Base By: Jeremy Berman Alok Sahgal Dr. Reed CSC 550

  2. Intro • History • What is Cyc? • How does it work? • Applications • OpenCyc • CycSecure

  3. History of CYC • Douglas B. Lenat and MCC (1984) • GOFAI at a massive scale • Construct “Common Sense” knowledge • 3 million rules of thumb (2002) • 300,000 terms

  4. The First 10 Years • Initial Goals (1984) • representation language • Interface for browsing and editing • "cadre of lightly trained knowledge enterers" could easily use • hooks to other AI programs. • Midpoint Report (1990) • CycL developed

  5. Current State • Now, anyone can be knowledge-enterer • Web allows acceleration of knowledge entry • Lenat claims human-level capacity in 5 years

  6. How CYC Works Knowledge Server • Knowledge Base • Inference Engine • CycL • Cyc-NL • Semantic Integration Bus

  7. Knowledge Base • Contains facts about everyday life (common sense) • Terms written in CycL • Assertions about terms • Entered by humans • Created by Cyc • Microtheories

  8. Inference Engine • General logical deduction • Best-first search • Due to size, ordinary expert system methods of accessing data do not work. • Cyc team developed new methods of retrieving data (secret)

  9. CycL • CycL • Cyc representation language • variation of first-order predicate calculus

  10. CycL • Constant - #$OrganicStuff • NAT - (#$FruitFn #$AppleTree) • Variable - • (#$colorOfObject #$Grass ?someColor) • Expression – • (#$colorOfObject #$Grass #$Green)

  11. CycL • Assertions “Animals sleep at home.” (ForAll ?x (ForAll ?S (ForAll ?PLACE(implies (and(isa ?x Animal)(isa ?S SleepingEvent)(performer ?S ?x)(location ?S ?PLACE))(home ?x ?PLACE))))) if x is an animal and the performer of a sleeping event then the place where that event takes place is the home of x.

  12. Cyc-NL • Used to translate between English and CycL The man saw the light with the telescope. {:SENTENCE {:NP {:DETP {#$Determiner [the]}} {:N-BAR {#$SimpleNoun [man]}}} {:VP {#$Verb [saw]} {:NP {:DETP {#$Determiner [the]}} {:N-BAR {#$SimpleNoun [light]}} {:PP {#$Preposition [with]} {:NP {:DETP {#$Determiner [the]}} {:N-BAR {#$SimpleNoun [telescope]}}}}}}}}

  13. Cyc-NL Fred saw the plane flying over Zurich. Fred saw the mountains flying over Zurich. • Cyc “knows” that: • planes fly. • people fly in planes. • mountains do not fly. • Zurich is a city.

  14. Semantic Integration Bus • Makes data from a variety of sources usable to the Inference Engine.

  15. Applications OpenCyc • Uses • Goals of Project • Demonstration CycSecure

  16. OpenCyc Uses Allows user to create applications that access and use data in CycKB Starting point for: • Speech understanding • Database integration • Email prioritizing • Game engines • Letting people develop their own “worlds”

  17. OpenCyc Goals of Project • Growth of Knowledge Base • Establish CycKB as the standard for: • knowledge representation/management • database integration • intelligent software applications

  18. OpenCyc Goals cont. • Raise awareness for symbolic knowledge • Help to combine symbolic systems with emergent ones (neural nets, genetic algorithms, etc)

  19. OpenCyc Demonstration http://www.opencyc.org/images/opencyc-kb-browser.gif

  20. CycSecure • Automated network auditing service that simulates network attacks • First real commercial application • Complements other network security apps

  21. Anatomy Of CycSecure • Network Configuration Simulator • Inputs the data for security assessment • CycSecure Knowledge Base • Contains knowledge of vulnerabilities and patterns of attacks • AttackPlan Analyzer • Simulates a planned attack

  22. How CycSecure Works • Uses virtual network from NCS • Finds vulnerabilities of network security • DoD’s Information Assurance Vulnerability Assessment

  23. More about CycSecure • Evolved Scanner • Costs • Still in beta-testing

  24. Future of Cyc • Online brokering of goods and services • "Smart" interfaces • Advancement gaming AI • Improved speech recognition • Sophisticated user modeling • Local consistency

  25. Conclusion • KB is already enormous and broad • Large corporate support • Largest GOFAI attempt

  26. References • www.cyc.com • www.opencyc.org • Anthes, Gary H. Computerizing Common Sense, Computerworld April 8, 2002.

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