Digestive System Disorders

1. Digestive System Disorders SBI3UO

2. Heartburn • Chronic heartburn is a digestive disorder called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). • GERD is caused by gastric acid that flows from the stomach and into the esophagus. Treatment- antacids and diet

3. Hepatitis • This is an inflammation of the liver that can result in liver cell damage. • Caused by a viral infection, allergies, drug and alcohol abuse. • There are two types of hepatitis – acute and chronic and six main types of the hepatitis virus.

4. Stomach and Duodenal Ulcers • Ulcers are open sores or lesions • They are found in the skin or mucous membranes of areas of the body • caused by HCl and pepsin in our stomach and duodenal parts of our digestive system and that these acids contribute to ulcer formation

5. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases • There are several different diseases that fall under this category all of which require a doctor for treatment. • Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are two of these diseases. • The cause of the disease is unknown, but researchers speculate that it may result from a virus or bacteria interacting with the body's immune system

6. Hernia • A hole in the diaphragm muscle allows the stomach to push through the thoracic cavity • Causes discomfort after eating Treatment: surgery to close the hole

7. Appendicitis • If food material becomes lodged in the aapendix, bacteria can grow to produce infection • Causes pain in the abdomen and fever Treatment: surgery

8. Cirrhosis • Liver damage caused by hepatitis related to alcohol abuse, hepatitis B and C, obesity and diabetes • Large portions of the liver are destroyed and replaced with connective (scar) tissue There is no cure and death can result

9. Gall Stones • “cholesterol lumps” created when cholesterol crystallizes in the gall bladder • Very painful Treatment: surgery to remove stones

10. Stomach Cancer • Stomach cancer is also called, gastric cancer. • Risk factors: • Helicobacter pylori infection • a diet that consists of eating large amounts of smoked foods, salted fish and meat, foods that are high in starch and low in fiber, pickled vegetables, and foods and beverages that contain nitrates and nitrites

11. Colon and Rectal Cancer • Colon and Rectal cancer is also referred to as colorectal cancer. • This type of cancer is a malignant cell that is found in the colon or rectum region of the body. • Over the last 10 years the number of new cases of colorectal cancer has decreased because of the sigmoidoscopic screening and polyp removal procedures

12. Diabetes • Body cells are not able to use glucose for energy • Pancreas does not release insulin into the blood after a meal and the glucose levels in the blood increase to very high levels 3 types of diabetes: • Type 1 (children, teens and young adults) • Type 2 ( in older adults, body does not make enough insulin or does not use it effectively) • Gestational (can develop during pregnancy)

13. Homework • Read pgs. 420-426 and answer Review Questions on pg. 427. Diabetes: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/slideshow_pictures_type_2_diabetes/article_em.htm