Review for Test on Progressives

1. Review for Test on Progressives HW: Study

2. Goal of the Progressives • Strong government could correct abuses and protect rights of the people.

3. Muckraker • Journalists who exposed the problems in society as a result of industrialization.

4. Ida Tarbell “History of Standard Oil” Ruthless business practices of Standard Oil Lincoln Steffens “The Shame of the Cities” Urban political corruption Muckrakers Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives” Life in New York’s tenements Upton Sinclair “The Jungle” Dangerous conditions in meatpacking industry

5. Identify: • William “Boss” Tweed – corrupt political boss – Tammany Hall – stole millions from NY • Thomas Nast – cartoonist – drew Tweed • Wilson, Roosevelt, and Taft – Progressive Presidents • Carrie Nation – leader in Prohibition

6. Identify: • Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony – suffragists – fought for women’s right to vote. • W.E.B. DuBois – fought for equality among African Americans, NAACP – fight actively • Booker T. Washington – fought for equality among African Americans, Tuskegee University. Learn a trade work way up to gain economic equality.

7. Define: • Initiative: People could suggest legislation • Referendum: People would vote on legislation • Recall: People could have leaders removed from office • Direct Primary - allows voters, rather than party leaders, to select candidates to run for office. • Suffragists – campaign for the right to vote

8. Identify: • 17th Amendment – Direct election of senators • 19th Amendment – Women’s right to vote

9. Good vs. Bad Trusts • Bad trusts hurt the consumer • Bad trusts do not allow for competition

10. Describe: • Pennsylvania Coal Strike: Ask for better pay in Pennsylvania Schools and hospitals run out of coal for heat Owners refuse to negotiate with the miners union Roosevelt threatens to send troops to open the mines.

11. Northern Securities Company • Suit brought against big business • Roosevelt continued to fight businesses that were hurting the consumers

12. Interstate Commerce Act • Set up to stop railroad abuses such as pools and rebates.

13. Hepburn Act • Strengthened the ICC

14. Sherman Anti-Trust Act • Prohibited monopolies by declaring illegal any business combination or trust.

15. Pure Food and Drug Act • Act required food and drug makers to list all ingredients on their packages • Tries to end false advertising and the use of impure ingredients.

16. Meat Inspection Act • Influenced by The Jungle • It forces meat packers to open their doors to federal inspectors.

17. Federal Reserve System • To regulate banking.

18. Federal Trade Commission • investigate companies to stop using unfair business practices.

19. Question • Discuss 2 different goals of reformers in the U.S. during the late 1800s and early 1900s • Describe 2 methods used by reformers to help bring about change in society.

20. Essay • Reasons for Reform • Monopolies restricted competition • Labor unrest • Unhealthy and unsafe living and working conditions • Large numbers of “new Immigrants” crowding the cities • Urban poverty, crime, congestion, and poor sanitation • Political corruption at all levels of government

21. Who were the Progressives? • Americans who wanted to deal with the problems. • Many different movements • Goals: • Abuses of power by government and business could be stopped. • Strong government could correct abuses and protect rights of the people.

22. Cities and Settlement Houses • An attempt to end the poverty, crowding and disease in American cities. • Important info to include: • Jacob Riis • Settlement house • Hull House • Jane Addams

23. Temperance and Prohibition • Temperance -Opposed the use of alcoholic beverages, began in 1820s • Prohibition – outlawing the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. • Important info to include: • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Carrie A. Nation • 18th Amendment

24. Women’s Rights • Suffrage for women was the main goal of the feminist movement in the Progressive Era. • They felt they could correct various social problems. • Important info to include: • Elizabeth Cady Stanton • Susan B. Anthony • Seneca Falls Convention • Declaration of Sentiments • 19th Amendment

25. Rights of African Americans • Decades after Civil War were difficult times for African Americans. • Laws prevented them from exercising their rights -Jim Crow laws. • Booker T. Washington – urged African Americans to learn a vocation to establish themselves economically. • W.E.B. DuBois – rejected accommodation – African Americans should protest unfair treatment.

26. Progressivism at State levels • State- progressives wanted to limit the power of boss-controlled political machines. • Secret ballot • Initiative • Referendum • Recall • Direct primary

27. Progressivism at National Level • Roosevelt, Taft and Wilson – progressive presidents • Roosevelt – • Pure Food and Drug Act • Meat Inspection Act • Square Deal – business regulation, labor conditions, and conservation • Trustbuster – Northern Securities Case • Strengthen ICC l- Hepburn Act – set railroad rates • Labor – Coal Strike • Conservation

28. Taft • Standard Oil Company – the monopoly had to be dissolved. • Mann –Elkins Act – ICC power to regulate telephone and telegraph • 16th Amendment – graduated income tax • Payne Aldrich Act – set higher tariff rates

29. Wilson • New Freedom • Lowered tariff • Federal Reserve Board – regulate money supply • Federal Trade Commission • 19th amendment