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Participation and funding in higher education: international aspects

This article explores the global aspects of higher education participation and funding, with a focus on key issues illustrated by Australian reforms. It discusses the proportion of population participating, public and private funding, and important factors such as course quality, student experience, and international education. The article also highlights the need for more graduates to support a skilled workforce and a civil society, as well as concerns regarding research funds, participation of disadvantaged groups, and the possible shortage of academics.

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Participation and funding in higher education: international aspects

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  1. Participation and funding in higher education: international aspects Gerald Burke Monash Education Research Community (MERC) Global Education Systems Day, Faculty of Education Monash University 11 May 2010 gerald.burke@education.monash.edu.au 1

  2. Focus • Proportion of population participating • Public and private funding • Key issues --- illustrated by Australian reforms Some key references or sources OECD 2009, Education Today, Chapter 4 Higher Education Review of Australian Higher Education, 2008 (called the Bradley Report) UNESCO Institute for Statistics Data Centre

  3. Population 2009

  4. GDP per head Intl$, 2009 (IMF data)

  5. Tertiary participation 2007 (UNESCO data)

  6. Tertiary participation rates 2007

  7. International students 2007

  8. Education expenditure 2006 (UNESCO data)

  9. Australia: key issues • Australia domestic enrolments growing relatively slowly to 2008 • Concern re course quality and student experience • Real funds per student and staff-student ratios declining • International education, funds and effects • Private funding/fees high compared with OECD countries* • Importance of more graduates • for skilled workforce and • to support a civil and just society • Research funds deemed insufficient • Participation of less advantaged too low • Possible shortage of academics

  10. Enrolments in higher education Australia (DEEWR data)

  11. International students Australia 2005 to 2009 (AEI data)

  12. Indigenous and non-Indigenous participation by age group*

  13. Higher education revenues Australia 2008 total $18,400 million (DEEWR)

  14. Fees for domestic students Australia 2010

  15. Commonwealth support per EFTSL by funding cluster 2010

  16. 1. Expanding the system • Review of Australian Higher Education 2008 called the Bradley Report, after the Chair, Denise Bradley www.deewr.gov.au/highereducation/review/pages/reviewofaustralianhighereducationreport.aspx • entitlement funding from the Commonwealth government to enhance workforce skills and create opportunities • Government to support entry/choice by all eligible domestic students • May seek to influence distribution across fields of study • targets for participation and completion • 40% of 25-34 year olds to have degree by 2020 or 2025 – from 30% • additional funds including huge infrastructure funding

  17. 2. Assistance for disadvantaged groups • Target - lift from 16% to 20% of lowest quarter of SES • Extra funds for enrolling low social background students • Better links to TAFE and schools • Reforms to student assistance to low income students • Youth Allowance, Austudy and Abstudy • Income contingent loans • HECS-HELP, FEE-HELP repayable when income exceeds $45,000 2010-11

  18. 3. Quality and quality assurance • New national regulator Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) for registration and audit of providers of tertiary education • Some public funding to be ‘Performance Based’ • More information published (e.g. course experience) to improve choice and reveal poor performance • Stop decline in funding per student • Improve supply of staff: more research degree completions, less casualisation, improved conditions • Improve Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF)

  19. Changes affecting international students • Reform of the ESOS Act included in national regulation reform • Tightening of rules for registration, increased public information on performance of providers of training, possible moderation of assessment • Changes in immigration rules, Skilled Occupations List (SOL), points for Australian qualifications • Proposals for research scholarships, more English support, workforce orientation 19

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