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Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors

Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors. Apr. 10, 2012. Helping (or not helping). Examples of people in distress who are ignored What determine why/when people help? 1) Evolutionary factors: Role of ‘kin selection’ What research supports this?. Other evolutionary explanations: Reciprocity Empathy

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Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors

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  1. Ch. 10: Helping Behaviors Apr. 10, 2012

  2. Helping (or not helping) • Examples of people in distress who are ignored • What determine why/when people help? • 1) Evolutionary factors: • Role of ‘kin selection’ • What research supports this?

  3. Other evolutionary explanations: • Reciprocity • Empathy • Cognitive component – • Emotional component – • Toddler empathy research - • deWaal’sresearch on monkeys & empathy…

  4. 2) Cost-reward model • Social exchange – focus on rewards • What are possible rewards? • Well-being • Following social norms • Related question of whether helping is altruistic or egoistic?

  5. Voluteering • Increases in volunteering after disasters (9/11, Hurricane Katrina…) • Penner’s research – possible theories: • 1. Modeling • 2. Threat to community • 3. Just-world theory • 4. Terror management theory • 5. Negative state relief

  6. Situational Influences on Helping • Effect of crowds: The Bystander Effect • Research on this began w/Kitty Genovese murder in 1964 in NYC • Details of the incident? • How did bystanders react?

  7. Darley & Latane’s follow-up experiments: • Confederate appears to have seizure • …either alone, with 1 other participant, or 4 other participants What is ‘Diffusion of Responsibility’?

  8. Obstacles to helping in these situations? • Noticing • Interpreting • Shotland’s research on intervening in male-female assaults • The role of pluralistic ignorance • Responsibility • Deciding how to help

  9. Other situational influences on helping: • Rural/Urban areas: • Culture: • Role modeling: • Attractiveness:

  10. Increasing Helping • Note that people do not always want help • Increasing helping among bystanders - • Avoid the overjustification effect – • Issue among volunteer orgs:

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