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Chapter 8 Population Change

Chapter 8 Population Change. Principles of Population Ecology. Population Ecology Study of populations and why their numbers change over time Population density The # individuals of a species/area or volume at a given time. Studying Populations. How to Study Populations: Quadrats

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Chapter 8 Population Change

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  1. Chapter 8Population Change

  2. Principles of Population Ecology Population Ecology Study of populations and why their numbers change over time Population density The # individuals of a species/area or volume at a given time

  3. Studying Populations • How to Study Populations: • Quadrats • Transects • Capture-recapture methods

  4. Bird bands

  5. Change in Population Size

  6. Calculating Population Change Death rate Growth rate Emigration rate Birth rate Immigration rate r = (b – d) + (i – e)

  7. Maximum Population Growth Intrinsic Rate of Growth Growth rate under ideal conditions J- Shaped Curve (exponential growth)

  8. Logistic Growth

  9. Population Crash Overshooting carrying capacity can lead to population crash

  10. Factors That Affect Population Size Density Dependent Factor Factor whose effect on population changes as pop. density changes Examples: • Food • Shelter

  11. Boom-Or-Bust Population Cycles

  12. Case Study- Predator Prey Dynamics on Isle Royale As wolf population increases, moose population decreases (and vice versa)

  13. Factors That Affect Population Size Density Independent Factors Factors that affect population size, but are not influenced by changes in population density Examples: Killing frost Severe blizzard Fire

  14. Reproductive Strategies r-selected species -Small body size - Early maturity - Short life span - Large broods - Little or no parental care Probability of long term survival is low Mosquitoes and Dandelions k-selected species Small broods Long life span Slow development Large body size Late reproduction Low reproductive rate Redwood trees and human beings

  15. Survivorship

  16. Some populations fit two curves Herring Gulls Type III & Type II

  17. Metapopulations A set of local populations among which individuals are distributed in distinct habitat patches across a landscape Source habitats Sink habitats

  18. Metapopulations

  19. Human Population Demography Science of population structure and growth Human Population since 1980 is J-shaped curve

  20. Population Increase in Mexico

  21. Demographics of Countries

  22. Demographic Stages

  23. Fertility Changes in Select Countries

  24. Age Structure Diagrams

  25. Worldwide 29% of human population is under age 15 Could cause large increase in birth rates

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