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Chemistry of Life

Learn the basics of chemistry and how it applies to living things. Explore the composition of matter, the elements that make up life, the structure of atoms, and the organization of electrons. Understand isotopes and ions and their role in chemical reactions.

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Chemistry of Life

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  1. Chemistry of Life Chemistry is the study of how matter interacts, thus we need to understand some of the basic rules and ideas about matter to understand how living things work.

  2. What is Matter Made Of? • All matter is composed of 92 basic building blocks called Elements • The elements are listed on the Periodic Table of the Elements

  3. Life Elements Typical living thing composed (99.9% wt) of six elements: C, H, N, O, P, and S. Seventeen other elements occur in minute quantities or as traces.

  4. What are the elements composed of? • If you break a bar of iron in half, and that half in half, then that half in half, and so on… • You eventually get to the smallest piece of the element – this is called the ATOM

  5. Atom Organization

  6. Rutherford’s Model Of Atom • Positively charged nucleus containing protons and neutrons with negatively charged particles in orbit around it • Electrons stay in orbit due to attraction between + and – charges

  7. Atomic Number Atomic Number = # protons Note: "normal" atom the number of electrons = number of protons (atom has no net charge) The Periodic Table is arranged by Atomic Number How many protons does oxygen have? Sulfur?

  8. Electrons What must be true about the number of electrons in a neutral atom? What neutral atom would have 26 electrons?

  9. Valence Electrons Electrons on the outermost part of an atom These are the what interact in chemical reactions These electrons give the atom their unique chemical characteristics The position on the Periodic Table indicates the number of valence electrons

  10. Dot Structure • Shows valence electrons • Dots are placed around the symbol of the element • Max of two dots per side • Must have at least one dot per side before doubling up

  11. Draw Dot Structure C Na O

  12. Atomic Variants 1. Isotopes - differ in the number of neutrons in the nucleus, thus changing wt. of element. 2. Ions - number of electrons differs from the number of protons, thus giving element net negative or a net positive.

  13. Question What is greater for a negative ion (anion), protons or electrons? What is greater for a positive ion (cation), protons or electrons

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