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World History Chapter 19

Monarchs Build Strong Nation-States. World History Chapter 19. 12/9/2007. 1. Royal Power and Conflict. Major questions How did monarchs build strong nation-states? How did their efforts contribute to disputes and wars?. Peter the Great, Russia. 12/9/2007. 2. Royal Power and Conflict.

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World History Chapter 19

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  1. Monarchs Build Strong Nation-States World HistoryChapter 19 12/9/2007 1

  2. Royal Power and Conflict • Major questions • How did monarchs build strong nation-states? • How did their efforts contribute to disputes and wars? • Peter the Great, • Russia 12/9/2007 2

  3. Royal Power and Conflict • Monarchs tried to • Strengthen the power of the throne • Build up the national economy • Increase military strength • Ivan the Terrible • Ivan the Terrible • Russia 12/9/2007 3

  4. Royal Power and Conflict • French expansion led to wars with • Spain • The Netherlands • Austria • Phillip II • Spain 12/9/2007 4

  5. Royal Power and Conflict • Russian expansion led to wars with • Poland • Sweden • Ottoman Empire • Peter the Great 12/9/2007 5

  6. Spain Section 1 12/9/2007 6

  7. Timeline of Events 12/9/2007 8

  8. Section Theme • Conflict: • Spanish and English monarchs engage in a dynastic struggle 12/9/2007 9

  9. Section Objective • Explain why Philip II and other Spanish monarchs had difficulty ruling the Spanish Empire Philip II 12/9/2007 10

  10. Terms to Define • Absolutism • Divine right • Armada • Inflation 12/9/2007 11

  11. People to Meet • Philip II • The Marranos • The Moriscos • Charles II 12/9/2007 12

  12. Places to Locate • Madrid 12/9/2007 13

  13. Overview • Monarchs of 1500s and 1600s sought to end independence of cities and territories • Monarchs sought absolutism, where loyalty of all peoples were to the monarch • Unlimited power • Ruled by divine right—authority comes from God and responsibility is to God 12/9/2007 14

  14. Overview • Under the theory of absolutism as supported by another theory, divine right, it was believed centralized rule would best serve affairs of state • Better efficiency • Better control 12/9/2007 15

  15. Overview • Hapsburgs of Spain were leading power of Europe • Strength from possessions in Americas and Europe • Tried to increase wealth and prestige, but had great opposition 12/9/2007 16

  16. Philip II • Most powerful monarch in spanish history • Devout Catholic • Defender of the faith • Son of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella of Portugal • Led Spain to costly wars 12/9/2007 17

  17. Philip II • Highly cautious, suspicious, and hard working • Built granite palace • Spent most time working and attending to details • Made all decisions himself 12/9/2007 18

  18. Unrest • Ferdinand of Aragon had married Catherine of Castile • Philip made Castile the center of his empire • People spoke Castilian • Philip hired most leaders from Castile • Leaders from Aragon and other provinces revolted. Although put down, unrest remained 12/9/2007 19

  19. Religious Policy • Philip concerned about religious monorities • The Marranos (Jews converted to Christianity) • The Moriscos (Muslims converted to Christianity) • Philip encourage the Inquisition and personally attended many e, often ending in execution 12/9/2007 20

  20. Religious Policy • The Moriscos revolted, but were defeated • Philip sought to impose Catholicism on Netherlands in 1567 • Long and bloody conflict • Dutch declared their independence in 1581 • England helped the Dutch 12/9/2007 21

  21. Spanish Armada • Philip faced problem with Elizabeth I and Protestant England • She helped Protestant rebels in the Netherland • After 2 years preparation, Philip sent armada of 130 ships and 33,000 men to attack England • The English ships, more maneuverable and possessing long range cannon, prevailed 12/9/2007 22

  22. Spanish Armada • Forced to retreat to the North Sea where storms help to sink 40 ships and drown 15,000 men 12/9/2007 23

  23. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs • Defeat of the armada marked the decline of Spain as European power • Wars drained treasury • Forced to borrow money • Inflation took toll • Industry and agriculture declined 12/9/2007 24

  24. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs • Philip’s sons, Philip III and Philip IV, were not equipped to handle Spain’s problems • Delegated problems to nobles • Built lavish homes and hid behind them • Philip IV renewed war with the Dutch and was in conflicts with Germany and France 12/9/2007 25

  25. Last of the Spanish Hapsburgs • People were overburdened and many revolted • Portugal, long an part of Spain, succeeded in getting independence • Philip IV’s son, Charles II, was physically and mentally weak • Married, but had no children • With no heirs to the Spanish throne, European monarchs plotted for control 12/9/2007 26

  26. England Section 2 12/9/2007 27

  27. Section Focus • How did Tudor monarchs influence English and European affairs? 12/9/2007 28

  28. Timeline of Events 12/9/2007 29

  29. Section Theme • Change • Tudor monarchs bring stability and prosperity to England 12/9/2007 30

  30. Terms to Define • Gentry • Yeoman • Balance of power 12/9/2007 31

  31. People to Meet • Henry VII • Henry VIII • Elizabeth I • William Shakespeare 12/9/2007 32

  32. Places to Locate • Scotland • Ireland 12/9/2007 33

  33. Overview • England developed strong monarchy • Tudor dynasty • Ruled 1485 to 1603 • Brought unity to country • Hardworking, able, popular • Expanded authority of crown • Parliament and courts of law set bounds • English monarchs not as absolute as others 12/9/2007 34

  34. Early Tudors • Henry VII, first Tudor monarch • Crowned after War of the Roses • Shrewd at disarming rivals • Formed gentry of aristocracy and merchant classes • Title given them to form a new aristocracy 12/9/2007 35

  35. Early Tudors • Henry VII • Encouraged trade • Promoted improved collection of taxes • Carefully watched government spending • Avoided war • Diplomacy • Marriages 12/9/2007 36

  36. Henry VIII • Most powerful of all Tudor monarchs • Fought wars on European continent • Made navy powerful 12/9/2007 37

  37. Henry VIII • Sought male heir • Married six times • Worked with Parliament to reach personal goals and break with Catholic Church 12/9/2007 38

  38. Henry VIII • House of Commons increased its power by working with Henry • Henry seized monastery lands and sold them to wealthy landowners 12/9/2007 39

  39. Edward VI and Mary I • Edward VI, Henry’s son • Inherited the throne at age 9 • Died shortly thereafter • Protestant nobles move to stop Edward’s Catholic half-sister from succession 12/9/2007 40

  40. Edward VI and Mary I • English people originally supported Mary • Mary’s Catholic policies soon offended English • Married King Philip of Spain • Many thought Spain would control England • Restored Catholicism • Had 300 Protestants burned at the stake • At Philip’s urging, Mary involved England in war with France

  41. Edward VI and Mary I • Due to war with France, England lost Calais • Mary died childless • Throne passed to Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth

  42. Elizabeth I • Became queen at age of 25 in 1558 • Shrewd, educated, forceful • “Sparks flew” with Parliament • Traveled extensively throughout kingdom on “how goes it” tours • Entertained by nobles at their castles

  43. Elizabeth I • Reigned during great cultural period • Renaissance • Theater flourished—William Shakespeare • English transformed into a language of beauty, grace, vigor, and clarity

  44. Marriage • People expected Elizabeth to marry and her husband would rule • People thought rule was beyond capability of women • Learned from sister Mary not to marry foreign prince • Marrying English noble would cause jealousies among nobles • Refused to give up her power

  45. Court and Government • Elizabeth assisted by local council of nobles • Drafted proclamations, handled foreign relations, etc. • Assisted by small staff of bureaucrats • Parliament could not initiate legislation, but could withhold approval • Enforcing queen’s law fell to justices of the peace • Rural landowning classes • Collected taxes, maintained peace, volunteers

  46. Social and Economic Policy • Elizabeth believed in social rank • Queen and her court • Landed nobility • Gentry (lesser nobles, merchants, lawyers, clergy etc.) • Yeoman (farmers, small landholdings, laborers)

  47. Social and Economic Policy • Government laws and policies regulated lives • Statute of Apprentices of 1563 declared work to be social and moral duty • Must live and work where born • Controlled movement of people • Fixed wages • Regulated apprentices

  48. Social and Economic Policy • The Poor Laws of 1597 • Local areas responsible for their homeless and unemployed • Means to raise money for charity and provide work

  49. Social and Economic policy • Elizabeth inherited debt • Spent lavishly on her court • Showed restraint in other areas • To raise money, she sold lands, offices, licenses, monopolcies, etc., but didn’t help much • Forced to go to Parliament for help • Reign ended in debt

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