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World History Chapter 1

World History Chapter 1. EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION MR. HOLGUIN. Chapter Objectives. Students will be able to describe how anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and geographers study prehistory. Students will be able to identify major achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples.

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World History Chapter 1

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  1. World HistoryChapter 1 EMERGENCE OF CIVILIZATION MR. HOLGUIN

  2. Chapter Objectives • Students will be able to describe how anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, and geographers study prehistory. • Students will be able to identify major achievements of Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples. • Students will be able to explain changes caused by the Neolithic agricultural revolution.

  3. Objectives Continued • Students will be able to list 3 main characteristics shared by civilization. • Students will be able to explain the other 2 characteristics that may be shared by civilizations. • Students will be able to describe the other characteristics and achievements that marked the first river valley civilizations.

  4. Early Humans 101 • Hominids- Human and earlier human like forms. • Artifacts- Objects made by or altered by early humans. • Culture- A set of beliefs, values, and patterns of living among a group of people. • Limited Evidence- Artifacts can only give so much information.

  5. Donald Johanson- Discovered the bones of an early hominid “Lucy” in 1974 in Ethiopia Lucy is a hominid from the group australopithecus Notable Anthropologists

  6. More Scientists • Mary Leakey discovered similar skeletons in the late 1970s in Tanzania. • Her findings shed light on the Stone Age period that began 2.5 million years ago. • The Old Stone age ended only 12,000 years ago.

  7. The earliest humans changed from gathering food to migrating and hunting. Between 100k and 400k years ago, Homo sapiens developed in Africa Early Humans

  8. Over the last 1.7 million years there have been Ice Ages. When waters froze, early humans could migrate to new regions over ice bridges. Humans learned to make clothes and endure the cold. Ice Age

  9. They Lived 35k to 130k years ago in caves in Europe and Asia. They were strong tool makers and buried their dead. They may have believed in an afterlife. They died out for uncertain reasons. Neanderthals

  10. Lived 35k years ago in Europe and were excellent tool users. Left behind many paintings and drawings of hunting and everyday life. At 10k years ago, distinct differences between species no longer existed. Cro-Magnon Man

  11. Agricultural Revolution • During the New Stone Age (ended 4k years ago), new technology and survival techniques emerged. • Nomads began settling in single regions • People developed agriculture –raising crops • Domestication of animals developed. • The period between 9000 BC and 5000 BC is known as the Neolithic agricultural revolution

  12. CIVILIZATION • A civilization is a complex culture that shows 3 distinct characteristics:

  13. 1. Surplus Food and Irrigation • A water source must be controlled to irrigate the crops used to feed the people. • Extra food must be saved incase of emergencies.

  14. 2. Cities, Government, and Labor • Division of labor- work is divided into specialized tasks where one person is responsible for one job. • Traders promoted Cultural Diffusion, where ideas and goods are spread from one region to another.

  15. People began making tools with copper and progressed to bronze and finally iron. It is not known when people developed the long process of forging iron. 3. Use of Metals

  16. The family developed as a unit with each member expected to complete certain tasks. People believed in many different gods and goddesses that dictated how people lived. 4. Family and Religion

  17. 5. Technology and Timekeeping • Several civilizations have developed calendars that are astonishingly accurate. • The improvement of medicine is also a reoccurring theme in the emergence of civilization.

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