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Road to WWII

Road to WWII. 1919-1939. Fascist Aggression (1931-1939). Japan, Italy, and Germany: Many acts of aggression, violated Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Nine-Power Treaty Kellogg-Briand Pact Withdrew from League of Nations Formed Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. Hitler’s Goals.

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Road to WWII

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  1. Road to WWII 1919-1939

  2. Fascist Aggression (1931-1939) • Japan, Italy, and Germany: • Many acts of aggression, violated • Treaty of Versailles • League of Nations • Nine-Power Treaty • Kellogg-Briand Pact • Withdrew from League of Nations • Formed Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

  3. Hitler’s Goals • Abolish Treaty of Versailles • Tiny armed forces, • The Rhineland was demilitarized, • Anschluss (union) with Austria was forbidden, • Germans were forced to live in Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland) and Poland (the Danzig) • Expand Germany’s Territory • Lebensraum: living space • Defeat Communism

  4. Japan’s Expansion: 1931 • Needed resources; coal, iron, soil • 1931, Japan takes Manchuria in N. China, renames it Manchukuo • Built railroads, hydroelectric power, iron and steel industry: increased Japan’s military power • League of Nations ordered Japan to withdraw from Manchuria • Japan withdrew from the League

  5. Italy and Ethiopia: 1935-36 • 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia • Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie went to League of Nations for help • League of Nations said Italy was aggressor and used economic sanctions (no arms, no to some raw materials) • May 1936 Italy formally annexed Ethiopia

  6. German Remilitarization: 1935-36 • 1935 Reintroduced conscription • 1936 Remilitarized the Rhineland • No Allied objection • October 1936: Hitler and Mussolini agreed to the Rome-Berlin Axis • Stalin encouraged West to form alliance, but fearing war and not trusting Stalin, they refused

  7. Spanish Civil War: 1936-39 • Brought fascists to power in Spain • Served as a “dress rehearsal” for WWII, Germany got to use new technology, Russia sent supplies to Republicans allies Legion Condor members dining in front of a German Heinkel HE-5 fighter bomber

  8. More Japan and China: 1937 • 1937 Japan invades China proper • Failed to get far • Chinese resisted, aided by GB and US • US boycotted Japanese goods at home • Begins WWII in Asia

  9. Austria: 1938 • 1938 Hitler invaded and annexed Austria declaring that all German-speaking people should be in the same nation • Anschluss violated TOV • Never approved by Austrians

  10. Czechoslovakia: 1938 • Hitler demanded Sudetenland, in NW Czechoslovakia, German speaking people • Made up stories of Czech. atrocities against Germans in Sudetenland • Czechoslovakia was relying on support of USSR, GB, and France • Munich Conference: British PM Neville Chamberlain agreed to let Hitler take Sudetenland, provided he would end his aggression: Appeasement • Chamberlain claimed he had created “peace in our time” • 6 months later, Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia

  11. Albania and Poland: 1939 • 1939: Mussolini annexed Albania, Italy controls Adriatic • 1939: Hitler demands return of Danzig and Polish Corridor because they are German Speaking • Before Poland could respond, Germany and USSR created the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact • Allowed Stalin to avoid war & sphere of influence over Eastern Poland and the Baltic • Hitler was protected against a two-front war • September 1, 1939 Hitler invades Poland, Sept. 3 GB and France declare war on Germany

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