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Road to WWII. Tara Madsen. Rise of Dictatorial Regimes. By 1939, only France and Great Britain remained democratic… other countries had resorted to dictatorial regimes ITALY- Government type= Fascism… in the early 1920’s, Benito Mussolini set up the first European fascist movement.
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Road to WWII Tara Madsen
Rise of Dictatorial Regimes • By 1939, only France and Great Britain remained democratic… other countries had resorted to dictatorial regimes • ITALY- Government type= Fascism… in the early 1920’s, Benito Mussolini set up the first European fascist movement. • Fascism glorifies the state over the citizen and has a strong dictator to rule the country.
USSR- Communism… Lenin instated a New Economic Policy (NEP)… Under this system, peasants could sell their produce and small businesses that employed fewer than 20 employees could be privately owned. • In 1922, Lenin created a new state called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics aka USSR. • After Lenin’s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin came to power.
Hitler and Nazi Germany • Adolf Hitler was born in Austria on 20 April 1889. • Hitler had views of extreme racism (especially toward Jews), while in Vienna he developed his political and social attitudes. • Hitler served 4 years on the western front during WWI. • By 1921, Hitler had total control over the Nazi Party
Hitler organized a revolt on the government that was quickly crushed and Hitler was sentenced to prison. • While in prison, he wrote Mein Kampf. Mein Kampf was an account of Hitler’s viewpoints on life, politics, and social issues. • While in prison, Hitler realized that the Nazi Party would have to gain control of the country by political means and not by violent overthrow • After Hitler’s release he grew the party and by 1929, it was the largest party in the Reichstag.
Nazis Take Control • The Nazi Party came to power on 23 March 1933. • The Enabling Act was passed which allowed the government to ignore the constitution for 4 years while issuing laws to deal with the countries problems. • Nazis quickly brought everything under their control and started limiting the rights of Jews. • Eventually, they set up concentration camps and started putting Jews in them.
Hitler felt that certain groups of people did not deserve to live in Germany or really live at all. • He wanted to develop an Aryan racial state. (Full blooded Germans of Aryan decent)
The State and Terror • Hitler was the ultimate decision maker and absolute ruler. • The Shultzstaffeln aka SS were an important force in maintaining order • Under the direction of Heinrich Himmler, the SS controlled both secret police and the regular police. • SS was based on 2 main principles: Ideology and Terror • Terror: Secret police, criminal police, concentration camps, execution squads and death camps.
Anti-Semitic Policies • Anti-Semitic = Anti-Jewish • In September 1935, Nazis announced new racial laws called the Nuremburg Laws • Defined even those with one Jewish grandparent as a Jew and revoked German citizenship • Forbade Jews and Non-Jews from marrying • Jews were forbidden to teach or take part in the arts • Jews were also required to wear a yellow star and carry an identification card • On 9 November 1938, Kristallnacht took place… Nazis burned synagogues and destroyed over 7,000 Jewish businesses… 30,000 Jewish males were rounded up and sent to concentration camps that night. • Jews were then prohibited from ride public transportation or entering public places like hospitals and schools • Jews were forced to clean up all the debris from Kristallnacht