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Egypt. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YgVlXOyU10I tropic minds. Mediterranean Sea. Nile Delta. Lower Egypt. Sinai Peninsula. Sahara Desert. The Great Bend. Valley of the Kings. Upper Egypt. 1. The Nile River. Since most of Egypt is a desert, people settled along the Nile River.
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Mediterranean Sea Nile Delta Lower Egypt Sinai Peninsula Sahara Desert The Great Bend Valley of the Kings Upper Egypt
Since most of Egypt is a desert, people settled along the Nile River. • It provided drinking water and irrigation of crops. Ethiopia
C. Yearly floods left rich deposits of silt that fertilized the land. D. The river also acted as a “liquid highway” for travel.
DON’T WRITE The Nile floods around September 15th every year; this is caused by a buildup of Ethiopian rains and melting mountain snow that is dumped into the Blue Nile. Ethiopia
DON’T WRITE The Blue Nile, which starts at Lake Tana in Ethiopia, joins the White Nile (source: kind of Lake Victoria) at the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.
E. Egypt was called the “bread basket” because they grew wheat and flax. They exported food to other parts of the world.
2. Upper and Lower Egypt A. Upper Egypt (south) ended at a cataract (waterfall) because boats could not continue upstream.
B. Lower Egypt (north, near the sea) consisted of the Nile Delta, a broad, triangular-shaped marshy area of land.
In 3100 BC, a pharaoh named Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt and built a capital, Memphis.
The Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BC) was when the pyramids were built to bury Pharaohs!
Great Sphinx at Giza What does the portrayal of the king as a lion suggest about the nature of kingship in ancient Egypt?
Hieroglyphics • Papyrus • Pyramids • Calendar • Clock
DON’T WRITE The boat and more than twenty other models of boats, gardens, and workshops were found in a small chamber in the tomb of Meketre, a Theban official.
DON’T WRITE Book of the Dead This scene from the Book of the Dead shows the journey to the afterlife. Nany, a woman stands the Hall of Judgment to the left of a scale. Her heart is being weighed against Maat, the goddess of justice and truth, wearing a single large feather. On the right is Osiris, god of the underworld and rebirth. He wears the white crown of Upper Egypt and the curving beard of a god. On the table before him is an offering of a joint of beef. Jackal-headed Anubis, overseer of mummification, adjusts the scales, while a baboon—symbolizing Thoth, the god of wisdom and writing—sits on the balance beam and prepares to write down the result. Behind Nany stands the goddess Isis, both wife and sister of Osiris.
C. In the New Kingdom (1500-1000 BC), Egypt became an empire. It ends with invasions by Romans, Greeks, & Persians
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EjTmG1H4_Io engineering an empire • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAbOZqRPbGkegypt facts
4. The Rosetta Stone showed Egyptologists how to read hieroglyphics and demotic
Egyptian Civilization • City—Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom • Religion- variety of belief systems and practices. Belief of afterlife. mummification) • Social class- Most Egyptians were farmers. During New Kingdom society grew as trade and warfare increased.—some woman could be priest to serve goddess. • Specialty Job-Artisan, craftsman, dike repairs, Astronomers –developed a calendar –became the basis of western calendar. • Writing- Hieroglyphics- used to keep important records-form of picture writing. • Public works- build dikes, labor on palaces, temples and tombs • Art and architecture- hymns and prayers. Paintings and sculpture of statues, carvings on temples • Gov’t- Pharaoh ruled as monarch. Divine rule.
Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes
Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon1336-1327 B. C. E. Thutmose III1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II1279-1212 B. C. E.
Egyptian Math What number is this?
Summary Question • How were religion gov’t and art linked in ancient Egypt?
Egyptian Gods & Goddesses:“The Sacred ‘Trinity’” Osiris Isis Horus
Materials Used in Mummification 1. Linen 6. Natron2. Sawdust 7. Onion3. Lichen 8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax 9. Linen Pads5. Resin 10. Frankinsense
HIEROGLYPHICSHieroglyphics is the Egyptian form of writing. They did not write on paper, but on papyrus which is reeds cut into thin strips then pounded and dried. Hieroglyphics are usually animals or things that mean something important in their language. For example, the letter E stands for 2reed leaves.
“Find of century for Egyptology” • Egyptologists say they have identified the 3,000-year-old mummy of Hatshepsut, Egypt's most powerful female ruler.
In all, Hatshepsut accomplished what no woman had before her. She ruled the most powerful, advanced civilization in the world, successfully, for twenty years. Even if there were some who resented her success, her success stands for all eternity.
Queen Hatshepsut dressed as a king, even wearing a false beard and the Egyptian people seem to have accepted this unprecedented behavior.
An X-ray image of the mummy of Pharaoh Queen Hatshepsut is seen at the Egyptian museum in Cairo, Egypt. (Discovery Channel)
The Egyptians sent trading missions to Punt, a region of East Africa that was rich in gold, resins, ebony, blackwood, ivory and wild animals, including monkeys and baboons. They also went in search of slaves. The best-documented mission was sent during the reign of Hatshepsut. Scenes from these expeditions are illustrated on her funerary temple at Deir el-Bahari, near the Valley of the Kings.
