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1. Environmental Contaminants and Infertility in Women Ulrike Luderer, M.D., Ph.D.
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine
Department of Developmental and Cell Biology
2. Infertility and premature ovarian failure 12-13% of all couples are infertile
Premature ovarian failure is responsible for 20-30% of infertility in women
Defined as menopause before age 40
Affects 1-2% of women
4. Hormonal regulation of ovarian function
5. The human menstrual cycle
6. Stages of Follicular Development
7. Infertility and Age
9. Causes of premature ovarian failure Cytogenetic abnormalities of the X chromosome
Fragile X syndrome
Other genetic mutations
17a-hydroxylase, aromatase, FOXL2, BMP15, LH-R, FSH-R
Immune disturbances
Viral infection
Chemical or physical agents
Cause is unknown in many cases
11. Types of cell death Necrosis
Passive, catastrophic
Morphological features:
Swelling
No chromatin remodeling
Plasma membrane blebbing Apoptosis
Active, regulated
Morphological features:
Shrinkage
Chromatin condensation
Plasma membrane budding
Proteolysis
Inhibitory regulators, Bcl-2
Nuclear lamins, cytoskeletal proteins
Inhibitor of caspase activated DNAse
DNA fragmentation
16. FSH stimulates follicular GSH synthesis
27. DMBA induces granulosa and theca cell apoptosis
29. DMBA-induced apoptosis is preceded by increased Bax
32. GSH supplementation prevents DMBA-induced GC apoptosis
42. Gcl subunit overexpression increases GSH concentrations
43. Gclc overexpression protects against ionizing radiation
45. Acknowledgments Luderer Lab Current Members
Mabel Cortés-Wanstreet
Yvonne Hoang
Brooke Nakamura
Laura Ortiz
Victoria Flores
Past Lab Members
Miyun Tsai-Turton
Youming Tan
Brian Luong
Pedro Morgado
Sarah Lopez
Matilde Gonzalez
Jennifer Lavorin