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Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis. Chapter 1. Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy Study of the structures of the body Physiology Study of the functions of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms. Levels of Organization. mwsu-bio101.ning.com.

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Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

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  1. Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis Chapter 1

  2. Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy • Study of the structures of the body • Physiology • Study of the functions of cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms

  3. Levels of Organization mwsu-bio101.ning.com

  4. Chemical and Cellular Organization • Chemical level • Atoms, molecules, macromolecules • Nucleic acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids • Cellular level • Cell • The functional and structural unit of life • Basic and specialized functions • Specialized function requires differentiation • Stem cell anyone? teamcarterlces.com

  5. Tissue Level of Organization • Tissue level • Cells of similar shape and specialized function • Four major tissue types • Muscle • Specialized for contracting and generating tension • Nervous • Specialized in impulse production and transmission • Connective • Specialized for connecting and supporting • Epithelial • Specialized for surface lining and exchange

  6. Organs and Organ Systems • Organ level • Composed of two or more tissues that perform a common function • Organs system level • Composed of two or more organs that work to perform a common functions that is essential to survival • Digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular • Human body contains 11 systems

  7. The Organism • Collection of body systems working together to maintain life. • Strive to maintain an internal balance • Homeostasis oxygen-review.com

  8. Homeostasis • The maintenance of a stable internal environment. • 37 degrees C, pH 7.3-7.4 • Other factors that are regulated? • The internal environment is made up of the extra cellular fluid or ECF • Cells that are isolated from the external environment can still exchange materials with the ECF

  9. Homeostatic Control Systems • Network of body components that operate to maintain a given factor in the internal environment relatively constant around an optimal level • Local (intrinsic) controls • Inherent, or built into a particular organ • Systemic (extrinsic) controls • Outside of an organ • Involves neural and endocrine regulation • Coordinates various organs and systems

  10. Negative Feedback Loops • Maintain homeostasis by detecting a deviation from a set point and act to restore that set point • Four components of a negative feedback loop • Controlled variable • Sensor • Control center • Effector

  11. Other Regulatory Mechanisms • Positive feedback loops • Continues increasing an change • Controlled variable moves in one direction • Uterine contractions • Feed forward mechanisms • Anticipate change and responds to that change before it happens

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