Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

1. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases

2. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Pasteurellosis • Affects cattle, sheep, swine • Cause • Various Pasteurella spcs. • Responsible for shipping fever, pneumonia, etc. • Livestock can become extremely sick and septic

3. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex • Involves bacteria, environmental, and viral factors • Can affect upper and/or lower respiratory tract • Cause • Often seen after significant period of stress • Weaning, commingling, shipping, parturition, etc. • Morbidity can be >50%, mortality >10% • Can be caused by one agent, or several in combination

4. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Causative agents • IBR • Fever • Interferes w/ antibody function • BVD • immunosuppression • BRSV • Colonization of lung tissue • immunosuppression • PI3

5. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Pasteurella spcs. & Haemophilus spcs. • Clinical Signs • 5-10d • Usual morbidity outbreak ~20% • May be closer to 40% if body temps are monitored • Mortality may be 5% through the outbreak • Temp of 104° or higher • Eye and nasal discharge • Increased respiration rate and distress • Can have permanent damage to respiratory mucosa

6. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Prevention • Reduce stress • Don’t multiply stressful operations • Increase immunity • Vaccinate before stress period • Factors to consider • Animal age • Younger animals may not respond to vaccinations as well due to colostrum immunity • Nutritional status

7. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • May use live or killed vaccines, depending on situation • Treatment • May mass treat group w/ antibiotics before clinical signs • Penicillins, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, etc. • Many are IM, or SQ • May add a fever reducer

8. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • PI3 • Cause • Viral infection of the respiratory tract • Spread by airborne transmission, or contact w/ infected animals, contaminated feed/water, equipment, shoes, clothes • Usually appears shortly after stress • Clinical signs • Gaunt • Depressed

9. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Snotty nose • Cough • Temp 104-106 • Prevention • Vaccination • Both for this and IBR • Provides cross immunity to other respiratory problems

10. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) • Acute viral infection of respiratory and reproductive tract • Cause • Herpes related virus • Can be found in respiratory, reproductive, eye, brain areas • Also in aborted fetus of infected dams

11. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Spread by: • Contact w/ infected animals • Air • Contaminated equipment, carriers, etc. • Incubation time ~20d • Clinical Signs • Respiratory Form • Incubation 2-14d • Gaunt, depression, high fever, snotty nose • White, stringy nasal discharge

12. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Course of disease is about 5 - 7d • Severe drop in milk production • Reproductive Tract • Known as IPV • Pustules that will become ulcerated within the vagina, or on male reproductive tract • Abortion & Neonatal Disease • Abortion 3-5 wks after infection of IBR • Abortion rate may be 25% • >5.5 mos pg may be >60%

13. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Prevention • Vaccination • Same basic program as PI3 • Tuberculosis • Chronic infectious disease • Can affect, cattle, swine, & humans

14. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Cause • 3 types are infectious • All Mycobacterium spcs • Spread by air, contaminated feed/water • Clinical Signs • Spread is rare, but rapid • May be expressed in the respiratory or mammary gland • Swine usually slaughtered before disease can manifest

15. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Prevention • No recommended vaccine • Test positive animals are slaughtered • Treatment • No treatment options • Strangles • Bacterial disease • Inhibits breathing by lymph node swelling, nasal discharges • Affects horses

16. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Cause • Contagious disease of upper respiratory tract • Spreads by contact w/ infected horses and/or environmental contamination • Young horses most susceptible (<5 yrs old) • Most common in training or boarding stables where many horses come and go • Clinical Signs • High fever 104-106 • Watery to yellow nasal discharge

17. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Swelling of lymph nodes under jaw & throat • May abscess and drain in 7-14d • Prevention • Quarantine of new animals 4-6 wks • Vaccination • Recovered horses can still shed • Treatment • Isolation • Soft, palatable feed to keep up energy

18. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Antibiotics • Flushing/draining of abscesses • Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex • Experienced by virtually every swine producer • Viral, bacterial, parasitic, causes • Included pathogens (12 known) • Pseudorabies • Haemophilus • Swine Influenza virus • Mycoplasma

19. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Clinical Signs • Detection is difficult • Eye, ear, nasal discharge, sneezing • Cough, increased respiration rate • Loss of appetite • Increased cull rate • Contributing Factors • Environmental and management factors can influence

20. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • All-in/all-out has helped to decrease • Thermal • Maintain proper temp zone, not too hot or cold • Gases • Excess ammonia concentration allows for deep penetration of inhaled particles into the lungs • Moisture • Avoid excessive moisture • Particles • Feed dust and animal dander is a common disease carrier

21. Unit 8: Respiratory Diseases • Microorganisms • Minimize incubation and multiplication of disease-causing pathogens • Cause effectively decrease rates of gain • Increases other disease susceptibility