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Mastering Photography Techniques: Understanding Lenses, Aperture, and Shutter Speed

Explore the fundamentals of photography with a focus on lenses, aperture, and shutter speed. Learn how these elements influence image composition and exposure. Gain practical insights into capturing stunning photos through hands-on tasks and evaluations.

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Mastering Photography Techniques: Understanding Lenses, Aperture, and Shutter Speed

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  1. UAL Level 3 Diploma in Creative Media Production and technology (Print, Radio, TV) Week 3 Photography techniques

  2. Aperture and shutter speed

  3. Lenses • ‘If you understand how a lens work, you will take much better photographs and be able to pre- visualize the result before pressing the shutter’ Andreas Feininger • Lenses are primarily bought for their focal length, described in a single measurement such as 28 mm or as a range such as 18 – 85mm – zoom lens. • Focal lens tells you how wide or narrow a scene you can capture. • The lens closest to simulating our own human angle of vision is called a standard lens and is focal length of 50mm.

  4. Focal length • The amount of scene you can see through your lens is described by its focal length. • A telephoto lens is a useful tool for making far away subjects bigger in the frame, much like a telescope does.

  5. Lenses Aperture, F number and stop • Inside the lens is the aperture diaphragm, which is used to regulate how much light passes on to the sensor. • Like the pupil in our eye, bigger apertures are used to let in more light in dim conditions and smaller apertures let in less when it is too bright.

  6. Aperture • The aperture affects the image’s exposure by changing the diameter of the lens opening, which controls the amount of light reaching the image sensor. Some digital compacts will have a fixed aperture lens, but most of today’s compact cameras have at least a small aperture range. This range will be expressed in f/stops. For DSLRs, the lens will vary on f/stop limits, but it is usually easily defined by reading the side of the lens.  There will be a set of numbers stating the f/stop or f/stop range, ex: f/2.8 or f/3.5-5.6. This will be your lowest settings available with that lens.

  7. Aperture values are described in F numbers, such as: f2.8 and f16 and are always arranged in the same numerical sequence: 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16 and 22. • If you increase the aperture value by one step along this sequence the amount of light hitting the sensor is doubled.

  8. Lenses with maximum aperture of f1.8 or f2.8 are known as ‘fast’ lenses, as they allow in more light in dimmer conditions. • F number also influences your depth of field.

  9. Shutter speed /exposure • Exposure • Light- In order for an image to be captured on a sensor, it must be exposed to light. In photography, it is important to be able to measure light. Too much light can ruin a photograph, and so can too little. • Light can be measured and controlled by its brightness (Aperture or F-stop) and by its duration (shutter Speed).

  10. Camera controls • Exposure in camera is about different combinations of shutter and f-stop settings. Those combinations can drastically effect the finished picture. • For example, the following images have been given an equal amount of light, but the f-stop and shutter combinations have different effects on the final image.

  11. Setting the shutter speed • In a camera, the shutter blocks all light from exposing the sensor UNTIL you press the button. Then it quickly opens and closes, giving the sensor a brief flash of light. You can control the length of time the shutter remains open by setting the SHUTTER SPEED.

  12. Shutter speed • The choice of Shutter Speed depends on • The amount of light available • The speed of the subject • The photographers ability to hold the camera

  13. The effect of choice of shutter speed • Long exposure Short exposure

  14. Effects of different exposure on still image

  15. Choice of shutter speed • STILL LIFE: Shutter speed will not affect a subject which is completely static. • LANDSCAPE: are fairly static but wind will move clouds, grass, leaves etc. 1/30th of a second if you want it still. Less if you want a bit of life in it. • YOUR HOLIDAY PHOTOS: 1/60th -1/250th of second. • PERSON WALKING; 1/125th -1/250th of second. • PERSON RUNNING: 1/500th – 1/1000th of second and lots of practice. • CAR,APPROX. 30MPH 1/1000th – 1/2000t of a second. • F1 CAR. 1/1000th of a second and over plus lots of practice.

  16. User buttons at the back of the camera (reminder)

  17. User buttons at the front of the camera (reminder)

  18. Using camera settings(TV for shutter priority and AV for aperture priority)

  19. Written task: • Explain in your own words what is: • Aperture • Shutter speed • What effect they have on an images • Find examples of both to show your understanding of the subject

  20. Practical task • Individually take series of images ( of the same subject) to show how change of F stops affect the depth of field.

  21. Individually take images of movement and experiment with shutter speed to find the effect it has on the image taken. • Remember smaller F stop the shallower depth of field. The faster the shutter the sharper the image. • Note down F stops and shutter speed numbers for each image taken.

  22. Evaluate your images • Show examples of your images and talk about what you were trying to achieve with each picture regarding use of different F stops and Shutter speeds. • What did go well and what do you think you could done better and improve next time.

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