Society and health

1. Society and health Family and society

2. Family and society • What is a family? • A family can be defined as a social unit connected by blood, marriage or adoption. • What is a household? • One person living alone, or a group of people sharing the same address and living arrangements.

3. Family and household types. • List 4 different family types and explain them: • List 3 household types and explain them:

4. Functions of the family • Love and emotional needs • Care and Security • Values, beliefs and attitudes • Safety for children • Socialisation of children • Reproduction of children • Cultural identity- beliefs • Shelter and protection • Financial resources for its members • Access to services • Activity 3- page 10

5. Structures of families and households • Nuclear family- two generations • Extended- 3 generations • Step family- one or both parents have been married before and have children by previous parent • Lone parent • Same sex couple living together with children • Single person household • Multi person- group of people i.e. students.

6. Changes in family group and household composition • Changing nature of extended family- declining. • Changing roles within the family- more women working, some men are house husbands • Smaller family size • Increase in childless women- more women want to pursue career • Increase in older mothers • Changing divorce rate- easier now to get divorced under- The Divorce Reform Act, 1969. • More step families- more re-marriages have increased since the introduction of divorce legislation. • More cohabitation- living with partner without being married • Increased births outside marriage • Increase in lone parent families • More non-dependant children living at home- due to costs of higher education, shortage of affordable housing. • Civil partnerships- more acceptable now • More one-person households- increased life expectancy.

7. Basic human needs • Maslow's hierarchy of needs. • Abraham Maslow studies human behaivour and motivation and came up with this hierarchy. (page 15) • Physiological • Safety • Social • Esteem • Self-actualisation • Activity 8- page 15

8. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs • Physiological- food, warmth, sleep, shelter • Safety- protection • Social needs- love and belonging, social relationships • Esteem needs- desire to achieve- in school or work • Self-actualisation- an individual must realise potential and feel a sense of satisfaction at achievement. Content with themselves/ accept others.

9. The needs of household and family groups • Identity and inclusion- freedom for all- multi-cultural society • Structure and organisation- values and beliefs, legislation, services provided by local government. • Safe and affordable places to live • Employment opportunities- community must provide opportunities for people to work. • Access to services- health care, schools, social services, shops, leisure. • Transport systems- public transport systems in place.

10. Standard of living • This is determined by the financial resources that are left over after its basic needs are met. • Standard of living is defined as a measure of the goods, services and luxuries available to an individual or household once the basic necessities are met. It is obviously very dependant on income. • Factors affecting standard of living: • Financial resources available, number of people in household, number of dependents, occupation of individuals, health of individuals, geographical location, amount of debt, cost of housing.