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KEY CONCEPT Birds have many adaptations for flight.

Explore the various adaptations of birds for flight including their anatomy, wing structure, and specialized beaks and feet. Discover how these adaptations allow birds to thrive in different ecological niches.

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KEY CONCEPT Birds have many adaptations for flight.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Birds have many adaptations for flight.

  2. Birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs. • Birds and many theropods share anatomical features. • hollow bones • fused collarbones that form V-shaped wishbone • rearranged muscles in the hips and legs • “hands” that have lost their fourth and fifth fingers • feathers

  3. The oldest undisputed fossilized bird is Archaeopteryx.

  4. lung gizzard kidney crop small intestine pectoral muscle large intestine cloaca sternum(keel) liver heart A bird’s body is specialized for flight. • Birds have several unique features that allow them to fly. • wings to produce flight • strong flight muscles to move the wings • active metabolism that provides energy to the muscles • hollow bone structure to minimize weight • gonads active during only part of year

  5. Wings are structures that enable birds to fly. • airfoil shape • covered with feathers

  6. Air sacs help a bird meet its oxygen demand during flight.

  7. Birds have spread to many ecological niches. • The shape of a bird’s wing reflects the way it flies. • short and broad • long and narrow

  8. lung gizzard kidney crop small intestine pectoral muscle large intestine cloaca sternum(keel) liver heart • The shape of a bird’s wing reflects the way it flies. • wide and broad • stout and tapered

  9. Bald eagle green woodpecker blue-footed booby • Differences in the shape of a bird’s beak reflects how it eats. • spearlike • hooked • chisel-shaped

  10. blue-footed booby bald eagle green woodpecker • Birds show great diversity in their foot shape. • webbed • heavy claws • different toe location

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