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Where Do Genres Come From?

Where Do Genres Come From?. Week 3, Session 1 New Digital Genres Carolyn R. Miller. Class schedule revision. Week IV: New Genres in Teaching and Learning Monday, August 6 at 2:30 pm Plagiarism and the internet, with Prof. Bazerman

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Where Do Genres Come From?

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  1. Where Do Genres Come From? Week 3, Session 1 New Digital Genres Carolyn R. Miller

  2. Class schedule revision Week IV: New Genres in Teaching and Learning Monday, August 6 at 2:30 pm Plagiarism and the internet, with Prof. Bazerman Bazerman, "Paying the Rent: Languaging Particularity and Novelty." Tuesday, August 7, regular time and place Brooks, "Reading, Writing, and Teaching Creative Hypertext." Palmquist, "Writing in Emerging Genres.”

  3. Today’s agenda • Shepherd & Watters: cybergenres • Yates et al.: genres in electronic communication • Giddens and structuration • Some comparisons • Break • Reports (how many?)

  4. Cybergenres extant novel replicated variant emergent spontaneous Shepherd & Watters, “The Evolution of Cybergenres”

  5. Cybergenres extant novel replicated variant emergent spontaneous

  6. Cybergenres extant novel replicated variant emergent spontaneous two different processes

  7. Questions • Non-digital genres are characterized by <content, form>, digital genres by <content, form, functionality>. Why do non-digital genres not have functionality?

  8. Questions • Novel cybergenres “have no real counterpart in another medium.” Do they have antecedents? • If a genre is “spontaneous” does that mean it has no antecedents? • Can a “replicated” genre also be spontaneous? or a “variant” or “emergent” genre?

  9. Cybergenres extant novel replicated variant emergent indigenous two different sources

  10. Yates, Orlikowski, & Okamura

  11. Yates, Orlikowski, & Okamura

  12. Yates, Orlikowski, & Okamura

  13. Explicit and implicit structuring • Explicit structuring • intervention by mediators • deliberate shaping of genre norms for community • replication, modification, innovation • Implicit structuring • tacit enactment • migration, variation

  14. Genre structuring: influences • Community’s existing genre repertoire • Tasks at hand • Users’ prior experiences • Role and action of mediators • Context and history of community • Affordances of media in use

  15. Anthony Giddens • 1938– • British sociologist • Central Problems in Social Theory, 1979 • The Constitution of Society, 1984 • Consequences of Modernity, 1990 http://www.edge.org/documents/archive/edge81.html

  16. Giddens: basic concepts • Structure: Rules and resources, organized as properties of social systems. Structure exists only as “structural properties.” • System: Reproduced relations between actors or collectivities, organized as regular social practices. • Structuration: Conditions governing the continuity of transformation of structures, and therefore the reproduction of systems. Central Problems, p. 66

  17. Giddens: structuration rules rules structuration resources resources September 27, 2014 17

  18. Giddens: duality of structure agency system resource outcome structure concreteness of action abstractness of institutions self other(s)

  19. Giddens: structuration • Possibility of change is inherent in every circumstance of social reproduction (210). • Continuity of social conduct assured through social reproduction (duality of structure). • Routine action is strongly saturated by the “taken-for-granted,” that which does not require a rationalization or account (218).

  20. Genre and structuration • Genre mediates between macrostructures and micropractices (S&S, p. 270) • “The Cultural Basis of Genre” (Miller, 1994): culture (or society) is constituted and reproduced (in part) in and through the instantiation, reproduction, and modification of genres

  21. Questions for Yates et al. • What is the basis for identifying genres—in project-wide newsgroups? in local newsgroups? • How might the method of identification affect the results? • If the “memo” genre overlaps with “genres having more specific purposes,” is it a really a genre?

  22. Comparison • Schryer & Spoel • Shepherd & Watters • Yates et al.

  23. Comparison

  24. Cybergenres extant novel replicated variant emergent spontaneous implicit structuring explicit structuring regulated genres regularized genres

  25. Assignment for Thursday • ReadingCosio & Dyson, “Identifying Graphic Conventions …” Miller & Shepherd, “Blogging as Social Action”

  26. Assignment for Thursday Brief paper (500–700 words)In one brief paragraph describe a digital genre (exigence, audience, constraints). Then in one paragraph each use two of these frameworks to analyze it: regulated or regularized, extant or new, explicit or implicit structuring. In a final paragraph, decide which framework is most useful for this purpose. September 27, 2014

  27. Reports • What issues do the digital media raise for the use and study of genres?

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