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An introduction to the program Bob Anderson Co-chair International GEOTRACES SSC

An introduction to the program Bob Anderson Co-chair International GEOTRACES SSC. http://www.geotraces.org/. GEOTRACES An international study of the marine biogeochemistry of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) GEOTRACES guiding mission

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An introduction to the program Bob Anderson Co-chair International GEOTRACES SSC

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  1. An introduction to the program Bob Anderson Co-chair International GEOTRACES SSC http://www.geotraces.org/

  2. GEOTRACES An international study of the marine biogeochemistry of trace elements and their isotopes (TEIs) GEOTRACES guiding mission “To identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions” Mission

  3. MOTIVATION Three decades of research by individual PIs provided relatively little progress in understanding marine biogeochemical cycles of TEIs. A coordinated international strategy is needed to accelerate progress. Marine organic geochemistry community may be in a similar situation. Motivation

  4. What are the “key” elements? They include: • Essential micronutrients that influence ocean productivity: e.g., Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd. • Diagnostic tracers of sources and sinks in the modern ocean: e.g.,Al, 3He, Mn, Ra isotopes, 15N, Nd isotopes; 234Th, 230Th, 231Pa. • Chemical species used as proxies to reconstruct past ocean circulation and productivity: e.g., 231Pa, 230Th, 15N of NO3, 13C of DIC, Cd/PO43-, Nd isotopes, Ba. • Contaminants in the present and future ocean: e.g., Pb, Hg. Key TEIs

  5. Global Strategy and Overarching Goals Need to understand fluxes at four interfaces and four types of internal cycling. Coupled to study of the capture of information as proxies

  6. Enabling Activities Standards and intercalibration Data protocols, management, archiving Modeling Capacity Building International Polar Year Ocean Sections Core activity - requires international cooperation Covering regions dominated by major processes National cruises with international collaboration Process Studies Targeted at processes known to be important Targeted at “anomalies” detected in ocean sections Some will focus on ocean boundaries (e.g., coastal regions) Some will exploit time-series stations GEOTRACES: Program Elements

  7. Trace metal - clean sampling technology and methods Many nations lack infrastructure and expertise for clean sampling Principal barrier is sampling at sea, not analyses GEOTRACES offers international assistance in design, construction and use of clean sampling systems GEOTRACES: Capacity Building

  8. Metals as Essential Micronutients Nitrogen Cycle Uptake of C, N and P Morel et al., 2003

  9. Existing deep ocean Fe data DataLimited for Fe Fe data is scarce, particularly in the deep ocean, limited understanding of the Fe cycle Stations with Fe concentrations at depths > 2000 m in 2003 (taken from GEOTRACES Science Plan 2006)

  10. Existing deep ocean Zn data DataLimited for Fe Distribution and cycling of other micronutrients poorly known Stations with Zn concentrations at depths > 2000 m As of 2009 - compiled by Maeve Lohan

  11. POLARSTERN July-October 2007 Siberia Section 3 Greenland An IPY Highlight Polarstern ARK XXII-2 Cruise (Rutgers van der Loeff, de Baar)

  12. Significant Fe and Mn supply from Gakkel Ridge Data from Klunder, Laan, Middag, de Baar et al.

  13. • International workshops define priorities for each basin • National committees select research targets based on: National priorities Anticipated benefits Resources Interests and expertise • Coordination via international SSC Strategy for Global Ocean Coverage

  14. • International workshops define priorities for each basin • National committees select elements based on: National priorities Anticipated benefits Resources Interests and expertise • Coordination via international SSC Strategy for Global Ocean Coverage

  15. Global Ocean Coverage In red: Planned Sections. In yellow: Completed Sections. In black: Sections completed as GEOTRACES contribution to the IPY.

  16. Global Ocean Coverage Completed GA02: Netherlands (2010/11) GA03: USA (2010/11) GA06: UK (2011) GA10: UK (2010/11) GA11: Germany (2010) GA04: Netherlands and Spain (2013) Future plans GA01: France (2014-2015)

  17. Completed GI04: Japan (2010) GI02: India (2012) GI03: India (2013) Future Plans GI01: India (2013) GI05: Australia/France (2015/2016) Global Ocean Coverage

  18. Global Ocean Coverage Completed GP03: Japan (2010) GP13: Aus/NZ (2011) GP18: Japan (2011) GP12: France (2012) GP02: Japan (2012) Firm Plans GP16: USA (2013) GP07: China-Taipei (2014) Future plans GP04: Canada GP06: China-Japan GP08 and GP09: China GP10: Japan (2014) GP11: Australia GP15 and GP17: USA GP19: Japan

  19. 2015 GEOTRACES International Arctic Programme GEOTRACES Arctic Workshop (May 2-4, 2012 - Vancouver, Canada) Proposed tentative cruise tracks: • Red (US, UK, Russia) • Magenta (Canada) • Yellow (Sweden) • Black (Germany) Yellow dots denote cross-over stations to be occupied by more than one national program for calibration. Report available on the GEOTRACES site: http://www.geotraces.org

  20. www.geotraces.org ipo@geotraces.org Geotraces@ldeo.columbia.edu

  21. Development of GEOTRACES 2000 Group discussions at international meetings 2001 Fall AGU special session and open meeting 2003 International Planning Workshop - Toulouse (Funded by NSF) SCOR sponsorship and establishment of Planning Group National planning meetings Science Plan writing starts 2006 Science Plan published; SSC forms 2007-09 First cruises - IPY and intercalibration Basin planning workshops (Hawaii; Oxford; Goa) First Model-Data Workshop (Delmenhorst) Data assembly centre starts; COST Action starts Arctic Basin workshop (Delmenhorst) Second Model-Data Workshop (Paris) 2010 First full GEOTRACES Sections International Project Office (IPO) set up (Toulouse) Timeline

  22. Substantial interdisciplinary benefits of disciplinary study of ocean geochemistry Now 30 years since last global program in marine geochemistry (GEOSECS) Improved ability to sample the ocean without contamination Increased sensitivity of analytical instrumentation Advances in modeling permit rates and fluxes to be derived Timeliness

  23. • Combine distributions with knowledge of basic processes • Infer: Sources, sinks, internal cycling • Multi TEI strategy reveals additional information • Initial emphasis on sections to characterize distributions Overriding Goal: Characterize TEI distributions

  24. Contamination free sampling systems:Principal GEOTRACES Capacity-Building Effort • Japan • Netherlands • U.S.A. • New Zealand (2000m) • France (under construction) • Germany (funded) • Canada (expanding) • India (funded) • Australia (under construction) • Taiwan (3000m) • UK (awaiting winch) • China (seeking funding with new ship)

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