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The Rise of Industrialism In America

The Rise of Industrialism In America. 1865-1914. Industrialism is the movement from agriculture to manufacturin g (factories) as the main source of the economic growth Industrialism is the movement from hand-made goods to machine made goods

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The Rise of Industrialism In America

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  1. The Rise of Industrialism In America 1865-1914

  2. Industrialism is the movement from agriculture to manufacturing (factories) as the main source of the economic growth Industrialism is the movement from hand-made goods to machine made goods Industrialism made America the richest country in the world- #1 in manufactured goods What is Industrialism?

  3. 5 Key Factors that led to Industrial Growth

  4. 1. Abundant Supply of natural resources • Our country possessed a lot of coal, oil and iron • used to make and power factory machines • Iron was smelted into steel to build railroads, skyscrapers and bridges

  5. 150,000 miles of track by 1900 Railroads made our country a national market for the selling of goods Railroads allowed goods to be transported quicker and easier nationwide 2. Railroads

  6. US Railroads in 1900

  7. 3. The Opening of International Markets • Our goods were exported worldwide ($2 billion worth by 1910) • Coca Cola became a worldwide favorite

  8. Coke in China

  9. 4. More people moving to the cities • More labor for the factories • Many farmers left their fields to work in the cities • Immigrants poured into the cities

  10. Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900

  11. NewUse ofSpace NewClassDiversity NewArchitectural Style New Energy NewSymbols ofChange &Progress The City as aNew “Frontier?” New Culture(“Melting Pot”) Make a NewStart New Form ofClassic “RuggedIndividualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption

  12. 5. Government Support for Businesses • The government made major loans to businesses • Laissez faire (hands-off) approach by government • Few rules on worker safety • The rich businessmen did not pay personal income tax before 1913 • High tariffs on foreign goods imported into the country-protected US industries

  13. New Inventions and Innovations

  14. The Invention of the Automobile • 1886 Karl Benz and Gottleib Daimler of Germany built of the first gas-powered cars • Very slow (4 speed,10 mph, 1.5 horsepower) • Henry Ford built the first American automobile in 1896 • 1908-the famous Ford Model T became the 1stmass-produced car

  15. The Daimler Motor Carriage (1st car)

  16. Model T Automobile “I am going to democratize the automobile” Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

  17. Henry Ford and his first car (1896)-video clip on Henry Ford Cities episode 6, 4:45-10:00

  18. The Ford Model T-the 1st mass produced car

  19. How did the Invention of the car contribute to the Industrial age? • Allowed Americans more freedom of movement • Allowed more workers to travel greater distances to work (you could live farther from work) • Created more jobs so people can make the automobile • Federal Aid Roads Act (1916)-laid the foundation for modern system of roads

  20. How was the automobile made? • The Assembly Line- single task production perfected in Henry Ford’s Detroit auto factories • Very repetitious work-made people feel like a machine

  21. “Model T” Prices & Sales

  22. The Airplane 1.Wilbur Wright 2. Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

  23. The Industrial Giants Also called the “Robber Barons” by those who hated big business

  24. John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil • JD’s Standard Oil controlled 90% of the oil industry (oil, oil pipelines and railroads-also called a trust) • JD almost had a monopoly (no competition) on US oil • JD was one rich “dude”-worth $900 million

  25. Edwin Drake and Oil (1859) • *Edwin Drake was the first to drill for oil in the USA in Titusville, PA • Drake developed the first oil drill and well • But unfortunately did not patent his invention and died in poverty • Oil used to lubricate the machinery of the industrial age • The largest oil boom occurred in Texas

  26. IDA TARBELL CARTOON SHOWING THE “OCTOPUS” STANDARD OIL SEIZING THE NATION’S OIL BUSINESSES

  27. Steel Production • The Bessemer Process- easier and cheaper to smelt iron into steel molds • Steel became the “king industry” • Steel was used to make railroads, bridges and support beams for skyscrapers

  28. Andrew Carnegie and US Steel • Drew’ went from rags to riches to become another very rich dude • Carnegie’s Pittsburgh, PA-based company (US Steel) controlled over 80% of all steel production • 1900- Carnegie had earned a personal fortune of over $40 million • 1901-sold US Steel to JP Morgan in order to devote himself to philanthropy (gave 90% of his fortune away)

  29. D. H. Burnham • 1846 – 1912 • Use of steelfor a skyscraper or other super structure.

  30. John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

  31. John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913 Built w/ Carnegie’s Steel

  32. The Brooklyn Bridge today  Single Image Photograph 

  33. William Le Baron Jenney • 1832 – 1907 • “Father of the ModernSkyscraper”

  34. W. Le Baron Jenney: CentralY.M.C.A., Chicago, 1891

  35. The Empire State Building

  36. Statue of Liberty, 1876(Frederic Auguste Bartholdi) Watch Statue of Liberty clip from America the Story of us (1st part of Cities-10 minutes)

  37. Cornelius the “Commodore” Vanderbilt • “Modern Colossus of Railroads” • Millionaire who gained control who took over much of nation’s railroads • Operated 4,500 miles of track

  38. JP Morgan • NY Bank owner and multi-million $ investor • Most powerful figure in American finance • Eventually took over much of the railroads by 1898 • Steel owner-eventually Carnegie sold US Steel to him in 1901

  39. The Business of Invention

  40. The Invention of Electricity • 1880-Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb • Used to power many new inventions- escalators, elevators, automatic doors, air conditioning, central heating • Department Stores- Macy’s, Sears, JC Penney were the first of big ones to include many of these new inventions

  41. Thomas Edison • “The Wizard of Menlo Park”

  42. Alternate Current (AC) George Westinghouse

  43. The Edison Phonograph (1877) • Made the human experience repeatable in a away never before possible!

  44. The Ediphone or Dictaphone

  45. The Motion Picture Camera

  46. I Love this Guy!!!!!! Willis Carrier-invented the 1stAir Conditioner

  47. The Invention of the Telephone • Alexander Graham Bell patents the invention • Bell used copper electric wires to transmit speech • The phone revolutionized communication

  48. The 1st telephone contact

  49. 1st transatlantic cables

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