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The Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality

The Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality . Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality: What Is it?. Proposed by Albert Bandura Emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations

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The Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality

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  1. The Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality

  2. Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality: What Is it? • Proposed by Albert Bandura • Emphasizes the interaction of our traits with our situations • We learn many of our behaviors through conditioning or observing others and modeling their behavior (social part) • Also emphasize the importance of mental processes: what we think about our situations affects our behavior (the cognitive part) • Sometimes called cognitive-behavioral approach

  3. Key Elements of Social-Cognitive Theory of personality

  4. Reciprocal Determinism (BANDURA) • Idea that behavior, internal personal factors, and environmental influences all operate as interlocking determinants of each other • Children’s TV viewing habits (past behavior) influence their viewing preferences (internal factor), which influences how TV (environmental factor) affects their behavior

  5. Self-Efficacy • Performance Standards: Standards that people develop to rate the adequacy of their own behavior in a variety of situations • Those who succeed in meeting their own internal performance standards develop self-efficacy • Self-Efficacy: understanding and expectancy that one’s efforts will be successful • Can be situation dependent

  6. Personal Control (Julian Rotter) • External Locus of Control: perception that outside forces or chance determine a person’s fate • Internal Locus of Control: when one believes that they control their own destiny • Who achieves more in school and work? • Internal • Who acts more independently? • Internal • Who enjoys better health and feels less depressed? • Internal

  7. Assessing Behavior in Situations • How do social-cognitive theorists assess personality? • Often through observation in realistic situations • Best means of predicting future behavior is through examining a person’s past behavior in similar situations • Best predictor of future grades is past grades • Best predictor of future job performance is past job performance

  8. Evaluating the Social-Cognitive Theory • More than other theories, it builds from psychological research on learning and cognition • Critics: • Focuses so much on the situation that it fails to appreciate the person’s inner traits • Where is the person? Human emotions? • Traits have been shown to predict behavior at work, love, and play

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