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Design and validation of a Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating Simulator

Thomas Cemo April 29, 2009. Design and validation of a Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating Simulator. Department of Mechanical Engineering Baylor University. Outline. Introduction Background Assumptions Theory Apparatus Results Conclusions. Introduction: Goals.

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Design and validation of a Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating Simulator

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  1. Thomas Cemo April 29, 2009 Design and validation of a Solar Domestic Hot Water Heating Simulator Department of Mechanical Engineering Baylor University

  2. Outline • Introduction • Background • Assumptions • Theory • Apparatus • Results • Conclusions

  3. Introduction:Goals • To accurately simulate efficiency ratings provided by the Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC). • To create a platform for testing modifications to domestic solar hot water heating systems.

  4. Background:Domestic Hot Water heating • The home is the second largest non-commercial consumer of energy, behind transportation. • 14% to 25% of domestic energy is demanded by water heating. • Solar thermal water heating has a tremendous opportunity to reduce this demand.

  5. Background:Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) • Arab Oil Embargo of the 1970s • Federal tax credits motivated a rush to hastily install solar thermal systems. • The market was flooded with poor designs and craftsmanship. • Solar Rating and Certification Corporation (SRCC) Founded in 1980 • Reassures consumers of quality products. • Efficiency ratings will be used to validate our hardware simulation.

  6. BACKGROUND:DOUBLE TANK SYSTEMS • Water is heated as it is circulated through a collector. • Energy is transferred to thermal storage and auxiliary heating if necessary. • Hot water is then drawn for domestic uses such as dishwashing. Double Tank System

  7. Assumptions:Solar Day • How to accurately model the energy available during a typical day? • Standardized weather profile provided by the SRCC. • All calculations occur in an adjusted time frame known as Solar Time. Insolation (Whr/m2) Solar Day Solar Night Solar Night

  8. Theory: Solar Energy Factor Qdel: Thermal energy delivered to the domestic hot water load. Qpar:Energy required by parasitic devices such as pumps and controllers. Qaux:Energy required by auxiliary resistive heating elements. Average SEF: 2.0 - 5.0

  9. Theory:QdElDelivered Energy Solar ‘Day’ Draw Schedule

  10. Theory:Solar Fraction SF: Portion of hot water provided by solar energy. EF: Energy factor for a conventional electric hot water heater (0.9). SEF: Solar Energy Factor. Average Solar Fractions: 0.50 - 0.75

  11. Apparatus Solar Thermal Collector Simulator Mains Chiller Solar Storage Tank Auxiliary Storage Tank

  12. Apparatus: Solar Thermal Collector Simulator (STCS) • Simulates thermal collector absorbing insolation during a solar day within 10% accuracy. • LabVIEW Control Software calculates the useful power from the simulated collector array. • Modified Seisco on-demand hot water heater. • Resistive heating elements deliver power to circulated water.

  13. Apparatus:LabVIEW Control Software

  14. Apparatus:LabVIEW Control Software

  15. Apparatus:Mains Chiller Chiller tank • Test conditions require 14°C. • Baylor water mains temperature range from 15°C to 22°C. • Closed loop that circulated water through 60ft of copper submerged in an ice bath. • 19 gallons were cooled to 14°C in approximately 25 min. • Temperatures maintained within 0.4°C. Pump controls Ice bath

  16. Results:Double Tank Configuration Solene Double Tank Drainback System

  17. Results:Double Tank Configuration • Average Solar Fraction of 0.65 • Solar Savings =30,155 kJ/day • 8.3 kWh/day • Average Electricity cost $0.13/kwh* Yearly Savings: $388 *Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State, EIA

  18. Results:Double Tank Configuration Solar Day

  19. Results:Double Tank Configuration Solar Day

  20. Conclusions • Constructed a test platform for future research into solar domestic water heating. • Calculated accurate and repeatable results verified by SRCC data.

  21. Recommendations • Incorporate a Differential Temperature Controller • Utilize location specific weather data • Construct an array of thermocouples to be inserted into the tanks.

  22. Acknowledgments • Departments of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering for providing the means to continue this research. • Dr. Van Treuren, Dr. Gravagne, and Dr. Lehr • Mr. Ashley Orr and Mr. Dan Hromadka

  23. Questions?

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