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Investigations into the epidemiology of Campylobacter isolated from sheep and cattle: food safety management aspects

Investigations into the epidemiology of Campylobacter isolated from sheep and cattle: food safety management aspects. Anna Garcia Lecturer in Veterinary Public Health. Campylobacter sheep. Results . (38%-60%). (53%-73%). (88%-98%). (81%-95%). C.jejuni . 75%. NO ID . Other. 4%. 5%.

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Investigations into the epidemiology of Campylobacter isolated from sheep and cattle: food safety management aspects

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  1. Investigations into the epidemiology of Campylobacter isolated from sheep and cattle: food safety management aspects Anna Garcia Lecturer in Veterinary Public Health

  2. Campylobacter sheep

  3. Results (38%-60%) (53%-73%) (88%-98%) (81%-95%)

  4. C.jejuni 75% NO ID Other 4% 5% C.coli 16% Campylobacter spp. sheep

  5. Campylobacter sheep Risk Factors • Final logistic regression model showing the most significant variables for the presence of Campylobacter on the carcases. Coef. SE OR 95% CI p-value Cleanliness 2.33 0.89 10.24 1.77-59.18 0.009 (acceptable but not very clean) C. jejuni 2.20 1.13 9.00 0.97-83.46 0.053 positive faecal sample • Final logistic regression model showing the most significant variables for the presence of Campylobacter jejuni on the carcases. Coef. SE OR 95% CI p-value Time of the year 3.89 1.22 49.03 4.44-541.14 0.001 (winter)

  6. Campylobacter cattle http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/cgi/content/full/56/11/1467 J. Med. Microbiol., Nov 2007 C. jejuni C. coli C. fetus

  7. Campylobacter cattle study results Fd- Faecal samples direct plating Fe- Faecal samples after enrichment C- Carcases before chilling Ca-Carcases after 24 hours chilling

  8. Campylobacter ID results

  9. MLST ANALYSIS

  10. Results MLST analysis MLST performed 43 samples ST identified 15 samples

  11. MLST RESULTS (PubMLST) • Fd2 C.jejuniST 436 has been isolated from human stools (UK, 2004 & Netherlands, 1998) • Fd17 C.jejuni ST-97- ST-45 complex. This ST has been isolated from chickens (NZ, 1993) & chicken offal/meat (UK, 1982) & wild bird (UK, 2001) • F86 C.jejuni- ST-52- ST-52 complex. This ST has been isolated from humans (stools and blood), chicken and sheep in UK, Netherlands, Australia, Canada and Curacao • C30 C.coli 855 ST-828 complex. This ST has been isolated from chickens in UK.  • C69 C.jejuni New ST?  • C93 C.coliST-1405 ST-828 complex. This ST has been isolated from chickens in UK.

  12. Quantification Campylobacter • Direct plating (dilutions): • Carcases • Carcases after chilling • Results: very small colonies growing in most plates (Gram stain: G (-) coccoid bacteria- viable Campylobacter?) but also confirmed Campylobacter colonies in a few plates • Real time-PCR • More research needed (primers and controls) • Effect of chilling in reducing Campylobacter not clear

  13. Campylobacter control strategies • Farm to fork research to identify main risk factors • More research into the epidemiology of Campylobacter • More research into effective control and prevention • Surveillance scheme for Campylobacter infections in England and Wales (PHLS) • Effective implementation of controls! • HACCP evaluation and knowledge management (Soliman, 2000)

  14. Food Safety Management • Integration: • Food production systems and animal health and welfare • Food Microbiology, Toxicology, new technologies (nanotechnology) • Epidemiology • Management and industry • Policy and legislation • “Triple helix” model: university-industry-government in the new knowledge economy (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 1998) • Multidisciplinary teams • Informed decisions and best solutions for policy makers • IMPLEMENTATIONS

  15. Animal/food chain data management • Challenges: • Data quality • Integration for decision making & improvement of food safety & quality • Globalisation • Animal health decision support systems (e.g. EpiMAN) and response systems (e.g. GLEWS) • Food Chain Information, potentially very useful- improvements

  16. Cattle data management project • Evaluation on cattle data collection and analysis across beef and dairy industries (mainly UK but data from other areas of the world being considered) • Farm to fork approach (stakeholders) • Research methodology: questionnaires, interviews • Purposes for data warehousing • Data mining technologies to extract useful knowledge

  17. Research benefits for the industry • Increasing external pressure from consumers regarding food quality/food safety & animal welfare • Food industry needs to implement strategies that are consumer focus to remain competitive • Food industry will benefit from implementing food security/food safety systems & evaluation of effectiveness

  18. Food Safety Research Benefits E. coli O157 and Salmonella in cattle Food Science Australia's microbiologists have examined the prevalence of Escherichia coli 0157 and Salmonella in Australian cattle and assisted industry in developing control measures for these human pathogens. This research has also been used by the Australian meat industry in discussions with trading partners including the USA http://www.foodscience.afisc.csiro.au/cattle.htm

  19. Knowledge management • Intellectual capital is a very important strategic asset. Effective knowledge organisations & learning organisations • KM models to describe the transformation of knowledge into competitive advantage • KM food security: Global economic/climate changes dictate agricultural changes

  20. KM strategies VPH/FOOD SAFETY • Integration of food safety/VPH control programmes to achieve sustainable and safe food production in a global scale • KM applied to disease control and particularly to the control of zoonoses (NCZR & NWZG) • Research on disease epidemiology, food safety management systems to support and protect public health and food industry • Implementation of effective controls • Evaluation (innovations) & KM strategies • Multidisciplinary teams & triple helix model

  21. References • Naisbitt, J. (1982). Megatrends: Ten New Directions Transforming Our Lives. New York: Warner Books. • Wataru Yamazaki-Matsune, Masumi Taguchi, Kazuko Seto, Ryuji Kawahara, KentaroKawatsu, Yuko Kumeda, Miyoshi Kitazato, MasafumiNukina, Naoaki Misawa, and Teizo Tsukamoto (2007). “Development of a multiplex PCR assay for identification of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter fetus, Campylobacter hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter lari and Campylobacter upsaliensis”J. Med. Microbiol., Nov 2007; 56: 1467 - 1473. • Soliman, F. (2000). Application of Knowledge management for hazard analysis in the Australian dairy industry. Journal of Knowledge Management. Volume 4 . Number 4 . 2000 . 287-294 • Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1998) The endless transition: a ‘Triple Helix’ of university-industry-government relations, Minerva, XXXVI (3): 203– 8. • WHO (2002). Future trends in Veterinary Public Health. WHO Technical Report Series 907. Available online: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_907.pdf • Pictures from: http://www.kissmyfloppy.com/pages/pictures.php?category=animations; www.campylobacterblog.com; www.wmin.ac.uk; www.flickr.com; http://www.wasdalefellmeats.co.uk/lamutt.htm; http://www.azuwishevents.com/images/coastal_bend_texas_beef_tenderloin.jpg; http://www.funnypictures.net.au/modern-toilet-restaurant; http://www.magma.ca/~pavel/science/Foodbugs.htm; http://genetics.med.harvard.edu/~perrimon/campylobacter.html#cjejuni; http://www.strangezoo.com/images/content/1050.jpg

  22. Acknowledgements • University of Glasgow: Prof. David Taylor, Billy Steele, Bacteriology lab, CEI • University of Liverpool: Dr. Howard Leatherbarrow, NCZR colleagues, Farm Animal Department, Bacteriology lab, Prof. Tony Hart • VPHA • USA: Prof. Will Hueston • ECVPH colleagues

  23. THANK YOU! Questions?

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