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Motion and Design Review

Motion and Design Review. Good Luck. You are at the top of a roller coaster. Before you start going down, where is the stored energy?. In the car’s axle. In the car’s design. In the car’s position. In the car’s wheels.

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Motion and Design Review

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  1. Motion and Design Review • Good Luck

  2. You are at the top of a roller coaster. Before you start going down, where is the stored energy? • In the car’s axle. • In the car’s design. • In the car’s position. • In the car’s wheels.

  3. Potential energy is stored energy. When gravity starts to pull the car down, the energy becomes kinetic energy. The energy is “stored” at the top or the position on the car.

  4. What force is moving the car on the roller coaster? • Gravity • Inertia • Moving Air • Rubber band energy

  5. Force • Push or pull that can make something move • It takes energy to move something. Pull

  6. GRAVITY • Force that pulls things toward the center of Earth

  7. What two tools are used in designs to measure the motion of an object? • Stop watch and meter stick • Meter stick and ruler • Clock and digital watch • Gram scale and hand lens

  8. The measure of motion is determined by measuring an object’s position over time. • + distance = motion time

  9. Car A traveled 100 centimeters in 25 seconds. Car B traveled 200 centimeters in 52 seconds. Which car traveled faster? • Car A • Car B

  10. Make each car a fraction.Find common denominatorCompare Fractions. • Car A travels 200 centimeters in 50 seconds. • Car B travels 200 centimeters in 52 seconds. • Car A is faster.

  11. You have designed a rubber band powered vehicle. How would you measure the distance that the vehicle traveled. • Roll the car across the floor and use a meter stick to measure distance. 2. Roll the car down a ramp and use a meter stick to measure distance.

  12. Design Plans • Rubber band powered car: roll car across level floor and measure distance • Gravity powered car: roll car down a ramp and measure distance

  13. Which energy force flies a kite? • Atomic energy • Electrical energy • Solar energy • Wind energy

  14. Types of Energy

  15. How do you calculate the average or the mean of data? • Add the data points and multiply by the number of data points. • Add the data points and divide by the number of data points.

  16. How to calculate average or mean of data • Example Data point 1 30 Data point 2 35 Data point 3 25 Add: 30 + 35 + 25 = 90 Divide 90 by 3 since there are 3 data points Average or mean = 30

  17. Look at the data from this investigation. What is the most likely distance for Trial 3. • 50 centimeters • 60 centimeters • 95 centimeters • 200 centimeters

  18. 95 centimeters is the best guess. • The average is 105 centimeters. Trial 1 was 100 centimeters and Trial 2 was 120 centimeters. 100 + 120 + x = 315 (ave 105 x 3) X= 95 The other choices: 50, 60 and 200 really don’t make sense, even if you don’t do the math.

  19. Which one of these depends on wind to move? • A sailboat • A bus • A wagon • A car on a ramp

  20. Forces

  21. Clyde built a wind powered vehicle. How does the wind move the car? • Energy is stored in the sails. • Energy is stored in the wheels. • Energy is stored in the axel. • Energy is stored in the design.

  22. How does wind move a boat?Sail captures wind which creates a force that pushes the boat. How does a rubber band move a rubber band powered car? Energy is stored in the rubber band, so when tightened and released, force pushes the object. How does gravity move a toy car? Gravity pulls the object towards the earth. Needs to be on a ramp or something, so that it will be pulled towards the earth.

  23. What happens when there is an equal amount of push and pull on an object? • Object remains still. • Object moves slowly. • Object moves fast.

  24. Balanced Forces = Object does not move Unbalanced Forces = Object moves

  25. Which is a good example of the effects of friction? • Students carrying heavy books • Brakes rubbing against the tires on a car

  26. What is friction? • Friction is what happens when any two things rub against each other. These can be solid things, like your two hands rubbing together, or your skis rubbing on the snow, or a hammer hitting a nail, or they can be gases, like friction with the air slowing down your car, or liquids, like friction with the water slowing down a boat.

  27. What must you do if you change your design plan? • Look closely at the data. • Record the changes in a notebook. • Set up a test for the vehicle. • Recalculate the cost of the vehicle.

  28. Changes in Design Plans • Any changes in design plans require retesting. • You do this to see what the impact of the change is on the vehicle.

  29. What effect will a smooth surface have on Garrett’s skateboard ride? • More friction • Less friction • More inertia • More surface area

  30. Friction is formed by the rubbing together of two things. • Smooth – less friction Rough – more friction

  31. How would a hill effect the ride on a skateboard? • The skateboard will have less momentum going down the hill. • The skateboard rolls faster with the force of gravity. • Rolling downhill the forces are balanced • Moving up the hill the forces are balanced.

  32. Where would skateboard store the most energy? • At the bottom of the hill. • At the top of the hill. • Near the bottom or the hill. • Near the top of the hill.

  33. Skateboard rolls faster down a hill due to the pull of gravity. Energy is stored at the top of the hill.

  34. Why will a skateboard stay at the top of the hill unless another force acts on it? • Inertia • Kinetic Energy • Momentum • Force

  35. Inertia is the name for the tendency of an object in motion to remain in motion, or an object at rest to remain at rest, unless acted upon by a force. This concept was quantified in Newton's First Law of Motion.

  36. Does a light object or a heavy object take more force to move? • Heavy object • Light object

  37. It takes more force to move a heavy object.

  38. What is the first step in creating a design? • Build • Evaluate • Plan • Test

  39. Steps to make a design Plan Build Test Evaluate

  40. What simple machine would make going up and down stairs easier? • A pulley • A ramp • A screw • A hinge

  41. What effect does friction have on the movement of an object? • Slow it down • Speed it up • No effect

  42. Friction will slow down movement. To eliminate friction: • Lubricate wheels • Eliminate the cause of friction ( remove anything that would be dragging the ground or rubbing)

  43. What would an object need to use wind as a force? • Some kind of wings or sail • Some kind of weight • Some kind of friction

  44. Things using wind energy

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