Identifying parts of speech

1. Identifying parts of speech

2. Eight Parts of Speech Verbs Pronouns Nouns Interjections Prepositions Adjectives Adverbs Conjunctions

3. The Noun: A word that names A Person • A Place • A Thing • An Idea

4. Singular Possessive noun • boy’s • girl’s • Plural Possessive noun • boys’ • girls’

5. Pick out the nouns: Mother is the sweetest name in any language. • Great women have been honored throughout the centuries: Gaia, Maria, Helena, and Elizabeth. • Love is a concept that is difficult to describe, Lorenzo said.

6. THE PRONOUN PERSONAL PRONOUNS I, me, mine you, your, yours she, her, hers, it, its we,us, our, ours they, them, their, theirs myself yourself A word used in place of one or more nouns

7. Indefinite Pronouns anybody each either none someone one

8. Interrogative Pronouns who whom what which whose

9. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS THIS THAT THESE THOSE

10. The Adjective Modifies or describes a noun or pronoun. Answers these questions: Which? How many? What kind?

11. Did you lose your address book? Which book? Is that a wool sweater? What kind? Just give me five minutes. How many?.

12. The Adverb Modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb How? He ran quickly.

13. When? She left yesterday. Where? We went there. To what degree or how much? It was too hot!

14. Interrogative Adverbs How? When? How did you break your leg? How often? When does your plane leave? Where? How often do you run? Where did you put the mouse trap?

15. The PREPOSITION The preposition introduces a noun or pronoun or a phrase or clause functioning in a sentence as a noun. The word or word group that the preposition introduces is itsobject.

16. Maria received a postcard from Bobby who went to Paris on a scholarship.

17. The prepositionnever stands alone! noun object of preposition preposition pronoun object preposition You can press the leaves under glass.

18. A preposition can have more than one object Her telegram toNina and Ralph brought good news. An object can have modifiers It happened during the last examination.

19. Some Common Prepositions aboard about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond by down during except for from in into like of off on over past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within without

20. The conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words or and Neither…nor Either…or But

21. The interjection is an exclamatory word that expresses emotion Goodness! What a cute baby! Wow! Look at that sunset!

22. The good will receive their rewards in heaven. He is good boy. He is as good as you are. Fruits will be good if stored properly EXERCISE

23. He has returned home for good. Good! I’ll be there at eight! Books are made of ink, paper, and glue. Deborah waits patiently while Bridget books the tickets.

24. We walked down the street in a line. The mail carrier stood on the walk. The town decided to build a new jail. The sheriff told us that if we did not leave town immediately he would jail us. They heard high pitched cries in the middle of the night. The baby cries all night long.

25. PHRASES prepositional phrase: on the table infinitive phrase: to go back to childhood gerundial phrase: selling vegetables participial phrase: stealing the chickens

26. CLAUSES • Independent clause – can stand by itself • Dependent clause – cannot stand by itself; needs an independent clause to be complete

27. PARTS OF A SENTENCE SUBJECT----ACTION/LINK----COMPLEMENT Noun Verb Noun or Adjective or Adverb or Prepositional Phrase

28. Subject: who or what we are speaking about Predicate: what is said about the subject Object/complement: who or what receives the action Ex.: She returned the book yesterday.

29. Subject --- Verb sentence: Mely baked. Subject --- Verb --- Object sentence: Mely baked cakes. Subject --- Verb --- i. o. --- Object sentence: Mely baked everyone a cake. Subject --- Verb --- Object --- Complement sentence: Everyone considers Mely a friend.

30. COMBINING SENTENCES Physics is a difficult subject. Geometry is a difficult subject. Physics and geometry are difficult subjects. Physics is difficult; geometry is even more difficult.

31. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS AND: to add together two or more sentence parts. OR: to express alternative ideas that are mutually exclusive, that is, one or the other can be true BUT: to express a contrary idea YET: to express a contrary or contradictory idea SO: to express the result of the preceding idea FOR: to express the reason for the preceding idea

32. Rey did not finish high school but he now owns a big business. • Joey arrived home so late; Tina, his wife, was upset. • Maria sings and Tony plays the piano. • Although it rained hard, we still met and had great fun. • I can’t leave the house because my mother needs me.

33. My friend and my brother will accompany me to the party. Because Linda looked sick, her mother made her stay at home and rest. The book launching was a serious and happy affair. I will probably go to the movie or stay at home. Letty accepted her fate and left everything to the Lord because she is full of faith in Him.

34. The Manobo first man and woman were magnificent. Davao was their first son. He was good, strong, and handsome. Dayhonagyon was their daughter. She was beautiful and fair. Matangnon was their second son. He was handsome and strong, like Davao. Makay was their third son. He was handsome, but he became bad. These four children were the ancestors of the Manobos.

35. VERBS

36. The Verb A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement

37. Subject Action Who Moved My Cheese? Linking predicate

38. Every sentence must have VERB a

39. Kinds of Verbs Action verbs express mental or physical action. They rode their horses to victory.

40. Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it. He has been sick.

41. A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form. Through the use of a sequence of tenses in a sentence or in a paragraph, it is possible to indicate the complex temporal relationship of actions, events, and conditions

42. Verb Tense: Time The four past tenses are • the simple past ("I went") • the past progressive ("I was going") • the past perfect ("I had gone") • the past perfect progressive ("I had been going")

43. Present tenses • The simple present ("I go") • The present progressive ("I am going") • The present perfect ("I have gone") • The present perfect progressive ("I have been going")

44. Note that the present perfect and present perfect progressive are present (not past) tenses -- that idea is that the speaker is currently in the state of having gone or having been going.

45. Future tenses • the simple future ("I will go") • the future progressive ("I will be going") • the future perfect ("I will have gone") • the future perfect progressive ("I will have been going")

46. Verb Tense: Aspect • Verb tenses may also be categorized according to aspect. Aspect refers to the nature of the action described by the verb. The three aspects: • indefinite (or simple) • complete (or perfect) • continuing (or progressive)

47. Indefinite tenses or Simple tenses • Describe an action but do not state whether the action is finished: • the simple past ("I went") • the simple present ("I go") • the simple future ("I will go")

48. A verb in the indefinite aspect is used when the beginning or ending of an action, an event, or condition is unknown or unimportant to the meaning of the sentence. The indefinite aspect is also used to used to indicate an habitual or repeated action, event, or condition.

49. Perfect tenses or Complete tenses • Describe a finished action: • the past perfect ("I had gone") • the present perfect ("I have gone") • the future perfect ("I will have gone")

50. A verb in the complete aspect indicates that the end of the action, event, or condition is known and the is used to emphasise the fact that the action is complete. The action may, however, be completed in the present, in the past or in the future.