Higher Physical Education Data Collection Preparation of the Body

1. Higher Physical Education Data Collection Preparation of the Body

2. This session we will be looking at Data Collection through the Preparation of the Body section of your course. We will use Football as the example throughout. • This should enable you to: • record data about performance • derive information about your performance from the information • develop knowledge and understanding to analyse performance • learn to describe/explain performance • apply relevant concepts when analysing performance • identify strengths and weaknesses in performance • identify training needs • set training targets • plan appropriate training • review your performance • assess progress

3. Cycle of Analysis We already know the Cycle of Analysis. It is the same when it comes to collection data in this area of the course. Investigate Analyse Review/ Evaluate Develop

4. KEY CONCEPT 1 Fitness assessment in relation to personal performance and the demands of the activities Before you carry out Data Collection on Preparation of the Body, you need to consider the fitness demands of your activity. This will allow you to make sure you are collecting relevant information on your performance. Let’s remind ourselves of the different types and aspects of fitness – which you will have studied in Standard Grade PE. SKILL RELATED FITNESS Agility Balance Coordination Reaction Time Timing PHYSICAL FITNESS Cardio Respiratory Endurance Local Muscular Endurance Speed Endurance Speed Strength (Dynamic and Static) Flexibility Power MENTAL FITNESS Control Stress Manage Emotions

5. So what are the fitness demands of YOUR POSITION in Football: “As a midfielder in Football, I have specific demands on my fitness that affect my performance. In terms of physical fitness, it is important that I have a high level of Cardio Respiratory Endurance. Having a good level of CRE will allow me to last 90 minutes of the game without getting tired. Without this, I would get tired quicker meaning that I wouldn’t be able to get back to the middle of the pitch to support the defenders, later in the game. If I became fatigued, my skill level would deteriorate and I may find that I wasn’t able to make accurate passes to my team mates, or make crosses into the box to find my strikers. As a midfielder, I also require good Speed so that when I am running down the wing with the ball, I am able to pass the opposition by out running them. I am also able to chase long balls down the wing from my defenders before the opposition gets to them, meaning I have time and space to play a cross into the box. I also need Speed when I am chasing back in defence to support our defenders as quick as I can……”

6. “In this position, I also require a great deal of Agility. As a Midfielder, my responsibility is to retain possession in the centre of the pitch, and to create attacking opportunities for our strikers. By having good agility, I am able to move quickly and at the right time in order to outwit an opponent when they are trying to tackle me. When I am being pushed to the corners of the pitch by the opposition’s defence, I need good Agility, to turn away quickly from the defender, keeping possession of the ball and allowing me to make a cross into the box. In terms of my Mental Fitness, I need to be able to control my emotions. As we play highly competitive games, I need to be able to control my temper if something happens that I do not agree with. It is also important, that should I make an error, that I do not let it affect me and am able to stay focussed on my next move. As part of the team, it is important that I am cooperative with my team mates to be an effective team. Now that you have considered what the fitness demands of your activity are, you should be ready to start collecting the INITIAL and SPECIFIC data about these fitness requirements in relation to your performance. So we are going to collect data on CARDIO RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE, SPEED and AGILITY.

7. The first data you will collect – or “INITIAL DATA” will be general information will then be used to identify areas you wish to collect more specific information on. This could be: • Timed Movement Observation Schedule If your Cardio Respiratory Endurance is poor, you would expect to see more Standing, Walking and Jogging towards the end of the game, and less Sprints as you become more tired.

8. Timed Skills Observation Schedule If your Cardio Respiratory Endurance is poor, you would expect to see a deterioration in your skills towards the end of the game – as fatigue sets in and you make more errors.

9. This data collection is done WITHIN THE ACTIVITY. The Observation Schedules are carried out in matches against teams of SUITABLE LEVEL. After collecting your INITIAL DATA on your Football performance, it is then important that you ANALYSE this data in order to determine your fitness strengths and weaknesses. From the Initial Data that I have collected on my Football performance, I am able to determine my Strengths and Weaknesses with relation to the fitness demands of my role in Football. After analysing my Timed Movement Observation Schedule, I can see that my Speed Endurance is poor. As we got further into the game, I was less able to make fast sprints in order to create attacking opportunities, or to get back quickly to help my defenders. This meant, we were losing possession easily in midfield and the opposition were able to overload our defence with their faster attackers. I also felt that my overall Speed was poor as I was unable to get away from defenders when running down the wing and my crosses into the box were ineffective as I wasn’t creating enough time for myself due to my poor Speed From the Timed Skill Observation Schedule, I can see that my Cardio Respiratory Endurance is poor as towards the end of the game, as I got tired, my skill level deteriorated. This fatigue and drop in skill level was happening to early in the game and my performance was affecting the team as I was making more errors and losing possession more often.

10. So after analysing our Initial Data and deciding on our Strengths and Weaknesses, we need to collect more SPECIFIC DATA on the weaknesses that we have identified – CARDIO RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE. We will also test our AGILITY as well as we have identified this as one of the demands of our performance. These SPECIFIC tests will be done OUTWITH THE ACTIVITY. FITNESS TEST FOR CRE To test your CRE, there are two STANDARDIZED fitness tests that you can carry out. LEGER (BEEP) TEST I set up two lines – 20 metres apart. I had to run between these lines, as indicated my the tape as the signal got progressively faster. 12 MIN RUN I set out a 20m by 20m square and counted how many laps I could run in 12 minutes. The benefit of these tests is that you can compare your performance against NATIONAL NORMS. This means that you will be able to get a recognised comparison of your results – making them VALID and reliable. To compare your results, visit http://www.brianmac.co.uk/beep.htm

11. FITNESS TEST FOR SPEED To test for Speed I would do a short timed sprint. This would be a 20m sprint and I would get my partner to time how fast I could get from start to finish. A similar test protocol is be shown here http://www.brianmac.co.uk/300shut.htm

12. Gender Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor Male <15.2 secs 15.2 - 16.1 secs 16.2 - 18.1 secs 18.2 - 19.3 secs >19.3 secs Female <17.0 secs 17.0 - 17.9 secs 18.0 - 21.7 secs 21.8 - 23.0 secs >23.0 secs FITNESS TEST FOR AGILITY To test for Agility, the most recognised test is the ILLINOIS AGILITY TEST. This involves a circuit set out as the picture and a partner timing how long it takes for you to complete this circuit. Your results can then be compared with the NATIONAL NORMS

13. You have identified that with regards to MENTAL FITNESS, the biggest area for development is MANAGING YOUR EMOTIONS. There is no recognised test for this, but you may find that you are losing goals later in games because you are losing concentration, or that you are getting yellow cards in games because you are losing your temper etc. You will also be able to identify this from your own reflections on your performance – perhaps through a personal diary. For more information on this, you should visit http://www.brianmac.co.uk/mental.htm Now that you have collected and analysed your data, you know which areas of your performance you need to work on. This means, using this information to design a training programme in order to develop your fitness.

14. KEY POINTS Data Collected needs to be RELIABLE, VALID, COMPARIBLE, ACCURATE, OBJECTIVE and STRAIGHTFORWARD TO INTERPRET INITIAL DATA will be collected first and will give information on general aspects of the game/whole performance. TIMED OBSERVATION SCHEDULES, KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS and VIDEO ANALYSIS should d be used here Analysis of the INITIAL DATA will give you information of your fitness strengths and weaknesses. More SPECIFIC/FOCCUSSED DATA will then be collected on certain aspects of your performance. PERSONAL REFLECTION AND STANDARDISED NATIONAL TESTS should be used here. You must ensure that when you are collecting data that you are doing so in an environment SUITABLE TO YOUR LEVEL – whether in practice or during matches. You should compare your fitness test results against the NATIONAL NORMS in order to get VALID and RELIABLE data

15. 1. Explain, in detail, the fitness demands of your role in Football 2. Give two examples of methods you have used to collect INITIAL DATA about your performance in Football. (in this question, you should be drawing/writing out examples of the methods you used) 3. From analysing this INITIAL DATA, describe what the fitness STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES of your performance are Question Time 4. Give two further examples of how you collected SPECIFIC/FOCUSSED DATA on your performance, based on the information you collected previously. 5. Explain, in detail, WHY you used these methods to collect this SPECIFIC/FOCUSSED DATA 6. From the information you have now collected, describe the more SPECIFIC FITNESS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES of your performance.