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Levels of O rganization of L iving T hings

Levels of O rganization of L iving T hings. Big things are often made up of smaller parts. Different kinds of l i t t l e p e i c e s or units make up different parts of a whole. Living things. are made up of cells. light microscope. scanning electron microscope.

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Levels of O rganization of L iving T hings

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  1. Levels of Organization of Living Things

  2. Big things are often made up of smaller parts

  3. Different kinds of littlepeices or units make up different parts of a whole

  4. Living things are made up of cells light microscope scanning electron microscope

  5. Cells  Tissues  Organs  Systems Cell: Osteocyte (student) Tissue: Bone tissue (class) Organ: Bone (grade) Organ system: Skeletal system (school)

  6. Basic Functions of the Cell and Living Organisms • Metabolism • Respiration • Nutrition • Digestion • Excretion • Circulation • Growth • Reproduction

  7. Metabolism: Respiration

  8. Cells need oxygen and energy Cells release carbon dioxyde (CO2) into their surrounding and ENERGY Cells take oxygen (O2) from their surrounding Cells also take glucose (C6H12O6) from their surrounding This process is called Respiration O2+C6H12O6CO2 +H2O+energy

  9. Because of cellular respiration, CO2 O2 C6H12O6 living organisms give off waste products through a process called excretion.

  10. Because each and every cell in an organism depends on respiration and excretion, That organism must have some sort of circulationsystem in place to bring each cell what it needs, and carry away its waste products DeliveryPickup

  11. Interconnected systems CO2 O2 nutrients foot cells

  12. When an organism is at rest, it needs less energy.Therefore its metabolism,(respiration andexcretion) and circulation are slow.

  13. When an organism is at work, it needs more energy. Therefore its metabolism,(respiration andexcretion) and circulation are fast.

  14. In the same way that different sytems in the body perform different functions…

  15. …different parts of the cell, called organelles, perform different functions.

  16. Organism Cells Tissues Organs  Systems System Organ Tissue (basic unit of life) Cell (parts of the cell) Organelles Molecules Atoms

  17. The Basic Unit of Life: The Cell Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) Robert Hooke (1635-1703)

  18. chloroplast nucleus mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum vacuole cell wall MORE POWER

  19. Plasma Membrane • keeps the contents of the cell (nucleus and cytoplasm) together • The pores control the movement of atoms, molecules (O2,CO2 ) and simple sugars (food) accross the m

  20. Nucleus • Control center of the cell • Contains DNA • DNA contains all the information for cells to • perform their functions • reproduce

  21. Cytoplasm • Mostly water • contents of a cell -the nucleus.

  22. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Looks rough when ribosomes are attached to it • Site of protein synthesis

  23. Golgi apparatus • sorts and correctly ships the proteins • certain cellular functions may stop if it is out of order (Cystic Fibrosis)

  24. Mitochondria • site of cellular respiration • O2 + C6H12O6CO2 + H2O + energy • Number of mitochondria in cells depends on the cell’s usual energy requirements

  25. Vesicles • means "small vessel • helps • store • transport • products produced by the cell

  26. Lysosomes • contain enzymes that cause the digestion of proteins • pick up • harmful foreign invaders (bacteria) • unwanted substances (old food) • worn-out organelles • break them into smaller pieces that are either • Recycled • Expelled from the c

  27. Cytoskeleton • Provides structure • Microtubules are hollow tubes • Enable c movement • Actin filaments are thinner • Enable cellular contraction In a dividing cell

  28. The Plant Cell • In addition to all the organelles of the animal cell, plant cells have • a cell wall • a vacuole • chloroplasts

  29. Cell Wall • Provides protection and support for plants • Materials cannot get through • Plasmodesmata allow • the transport of materials accross cell wall • cell to cell communication

  30. Vacuole • Usually in the center of plant cells • Stores large amounts of • Water • sugars (molecules), ions (atoms) Molecules Atoms

  31. Chloroplasts • Contain green pigments called chlorophylls which trap light energy from the sun • Site of photo-synthesis • Convert light energy of the sun into chemical energypackaged in sugar molecules

  32. endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria nucleus vacuole chloroplasts cell wall

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