Eukaryotic Cell Organelle Notes Plant & Animal Cells

1. Eukaryotic Cell Organelle NotesPlant & Animal Cells

2. cell wall ( Plant ONLY) • The cell wall is in plant cells and not animal cells. • Made of cellulose and it’s strong & stiff • Provides shape, support and protects the cell from the outside elements. • It’s like a wall that surrounds a medieval city.

3. cell membrane (In BOTH) • It completely surrounds all cells. • The cell membrane holds and protects the cell. It controls what substances come into and out of the cell. • Like a license check by police on a main road into the a city.

4. Cytoplasm (In ALL cells) • The cytoplasm is clear, thick, gel-like material in which cell parts move around in and cell activities take place. • Like the sidewalks found in a city.

5. mitochondria (In BOTH) • Looks like a jelly bean • Breaks down sugar molecules to release energy. • Most of a cells energy comes from here. • Like a city’s power plant. • Nicknamed the “Powerhouse” or “Powerplant”

6. Lysosomes (In BOTH) • Small and Round in shape • Break Down larger food molecules into smaller bits • Digest old part cells • Like a waste recycling center in the city

7. Vacuoles (In BOTH) • Stores the cells food, water, waste, and extra chemicals. • Plant cells have ONE large vacuole • Animal cells have many little vacuoles • Like water towers, warehouses, and garbage dumps in a city.

8. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) (In BOTH) • Transports materials throughout the cell on a network of tubes • Surrounds the nucleus • Two types: smooth and rough • Like the roads in a city

9. Chloroplast (Plant ONLY) • The chloroplast is only in plant cells. • It contains chlorophyll (GREEN). • It captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce its own food, this is called Photosynthesis. • It’s like the fast food places in a city.

10. Nucleus (In BOTH) • The nucleus regulates and controls cell activities. • Large oval shaped. Centrally located. • Contains genetic material (DNA). • The “brain” of the cell, also called the “Control Center” • Like the mayor’s office in a city.

11. nuclear membrane (In BOTH) • The nuclear membrane protects the nucleus and also allows substances to pass in and out of just the nucleus. • “Gate of the Nucleus”

12. Chromosomes (In BOTH) • Found in a cell’s nucleus. • Direct the activities of the cells • Like a mayor in the city.

13. Ribosomes (In BOTH) • Attached to the ER or floating free in the cytoplasm • Produces proteins • Smallest organelle in a cell • Like a construction site in a city

14. Golgi Bodies (In BOTH) • Looks like a flattened stack of pancakes • Processes and packages the proteins • Like the UPS or post office in a city

15. Nucleolus (In BOTH) • Center of Nucleus • Area of condensed DNA • Where Ribosomes are made

16. 1. Choose the wrong statement from the following. a) Mitochondria produces most of the energy for the cell. b) Chloroplasts are “food producers.” c) Cell wall controls the movements of materials into and out of the cell. d) Nucleus regulates and controls all cell activities, acting as the “brain” of the cell.

17. 2. Match the cell part to the description. 1) Cytoplasm 2) Nuclear membrane 3) Vacuoles a. Gate of the nucleus b. Area of movement where cell parts move c. Storage tanks