American Imperialism: Becoming a World Power

1. American Imperialism:Becoming a World Power

2. The Growth of Imperialism • Imperialism = empire building • Why Imperialism Grew • Economic factors = new markets and natural resources • Nationalistic factors = jingoism • Military factors = bases, modern navies • Humanitarian factors = “White Man’s Burden” • Europe Leads the Way • “The sun never sets on the British Empire” • Colonization of Africa & spheres of influence in Asia

3. America’s Isolationism • George Washington’s Farewell Address warns against foreign affairs and alliances • Monroe Doctrine • Europe stay out of Western Hemisphere • America will stay out of Europe • Anti-Imperialist League • Anti-Asian Movement • Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) • Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907)

4. Causes of U.S. Imperialism • 2nd Manifest Destiny • Population and Resources • American expansionist spirit • Promoting Economic Growth • New Markets • Protecting American Security • U.S. Navy • Great White Fleet • Compete with Europe • Economic and Nationalistic • Public Opinion Leans Toward Expansion • Alfred T. Mahan • The Influence of Sea Power Upon History • By 1900 – U.S. has 3rd Largest Navy in the World • Social Darwinism • Yellow Journalism

5. America begins to Imperialize • Interest in the Pacific • 1853 – Matthew Perry opens trade in Japan • U.S. begins taking Pacific Islands as possessions (i.e. Midway) • Alaska • Sec. of State Seward purchases from Russia for $7.2 million • “Seward’s Folly”/”Seward’s Icebox” • Large amounts of timber, gold, oil, etc. • Latin America • Pan-Americanism • “Big Sister” America often sends troops to settle disputes • U.S. businesses set-up “banana republics” in Central and South America • Hawaii • U.S. involved in Hawaii since 1790’s • 1890’s – U.S. leads overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani • 1898 – President McKinley officially annexes Hawaiian Islands

6. The Spanish American War (Causes) • Cubans Rebel Against Spain • Cuba begins rebelling from Spain in 1868 • Spain sends 150,000 troops to Cuba • Cubans put into concentration camps • U.S. pressured to intervene • Social and economic reasons • Yellow Journalism • William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer • “You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” • De Lome Letter – Spain’s ambassador ridicules President McKinley • Jingoism – extreme nationalism • U.S.S. Maine • Explodes in Havana harbor • McKinley calls for war • Teller Amendment – U.S. cannot annex Cuba

7. The Spanish-American War • “A Splendid Little War” • The Philippines • Commodore George Dewey destroys Spanish forces in Manila Bay • Filipino nationalist Emilio Aguinaldo leads rebel army against Spain • Cuba • Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt, the Rough Riders and San Juan Hill

8. Treaty of Paris (1898) • Spain gives up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam • U.S. purchases the Philippines for $20 million • America now an imperialistic nation

9. U.S. Gains After the War • The Philippines • “Unfit for self-government” • Philippine-American War (1899 – 1913) • Commonwealth under U.S. control until 1946 • The Fate of Cuba • Protectorate • 1900, Cuba drafts its own Constitution • Platt Amendment – “right to intervene” in Cuban affairs • Guantanamo Bay • Puerto Rico • Commonwealth • Insular Cases – what rights did Puerto Ricans have?

10. Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy • Election of 1900 • McKinley Assassination (1901) • “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” • The Roosevelt Corollary • “An international police power” • Addition to the Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt and the world • Russo-Japanese War (1904) • Treaty of Portsmouth • Nobel Peace Prize • Gentleman’s Agreement (1907)

11. Panama Canal • U.S. (Roosevelt) wants a canal to link Pacific and Atlantic Oceans • Isthmus of Panama best place • Building a Canal • France attempts • U.S. tries to buy concession from France • Columbia • “gunboat diplomacy” • “Liberation” of Panama • Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty • Canal finished in 1914

12. Taft and Dollar Diplomacy • “Substituting dollars for bullets” • Americans investment in Latin America • Sometimes led to “Big Stick” Diplomacy • Efforts in China and Russia backfire • Many Latin Americans disliked U.S. involvement

13. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy • Elected as an anti-Imperialist • Would not go after conquest, but instead lead humanitarian efforts • Wilson sends troops into Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Mexico • Mexican Revolution • Wilson refuses to recognize revolutionary gov’t • Pancho Villa • Wilson sends troops into Mexico to apprehend • Near war with Mexico prevented by World War I

14. U.S. military in 2007