EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE

1. (Copy the title of the outline shown below.) EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE

2. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE (Copy the Outline below) I. Hohokam

3. HOHOKAM Archaeologists believe the Hohokam came from modern-day Mexico and settled in present-day Arizona.

4. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam (Copy and complete) A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________

5. Artist interpretation of irrigating fields.

6. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ (Copy) D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals

7. Remains of a prehistoric Hohokam irrigation canal at "Park of the Canals", in Mesa, Arizona.(photo source: Waterhistory.org). Over 1,000 miles of canals were dug, some as wide as 50 feet wide.

8. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals (Copy) E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash

9. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash (Copy) F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass, birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried surplus meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade.

10. The early Hohokam lived in rectangular pithouses. .

11. Computer model of Pithouse

12. Pithouse Entryway

13. Inside View of Pithouse

14. Later, the Hohokam established extensive villages.

15. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade. (Copy) G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, large villages

16. Hohokam Etching, “Horned Toad” What is unusual about this seashell etching that, along with other seashells, was found by archaeologists in ancient Hohokam sites?

17. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade. G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages (Copy) H. Traded widely with other culture groups.

18. Each Hohokam village had at least one ball field. In addition to sport, the fields were used for dances and other ceremonies.

21. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade. G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages H. Traded widely with other culture groups. (Copy and complete) I. Entertainment: ________________________

22. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade. G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages H. Traded widely with other culture groups. I. Entertainment: ________________________

23. EARLY PREHISTORIC NORTH AMERICAN CULTURE GROUPS, CA. 1200 BCE – CA. 1400 CE I. Hohokam A. Location: _______________ B. Climate: ________________ C. Most noted for agriculture. Farming was possible due to ________ D. Tools: wooden digging sticks, thin rock slab hoes, shoulder blades of large animals E. Crops: cotton, tobacco, maize (corn), beans and squash F. Other Food: cacti, seed grass,birds, reptiles, rodents, rabbits, deer, elk. They hunted with bow and arrow. They dried meat and used hides for clothing, shelter, jewelry, and trade. G. Shelter: at first, pit houses; later, villages H. Traded widely with other culture groups. I. Entertainment: ________________________ (Copy) II. Anasazi

25. II. Anasazi • (Copy) • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado

26. Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde National Park

27. II. Anasazi • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado (Copy) C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted.

28. White House Ruins, Canyon de Chelly National Monument

29. Doorways, Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico

30. II. Anasazi • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted. (Copy) D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash.Enough corn was being raised to create a surplus.They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting.

31.                            Anasazi Basket - Mesa Verde NP

36. Anasazi Cup - Mesa Verde NP

37. Anasazi Pot

38. II. Anasazi • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted. D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash.Enough corn was being raised to create a surplus.They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting. (Copy) E. Also noted for baskets and pottery. Purpose: ________

39. Reconstructed Mesa Verde “Jackal,” or Storage Area

43. II. Anasazi • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted. D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash.Enough corn was being raised to create a surplus.They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting. E. Also noted for baskets and pottery. Purpose: ________ Copy: F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas.

44. II. Anasazi • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted. D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash.Enough corn was being raised to create a surplus.They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting. E. Also noted for baskets and pottery. Purpose: ________ F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas.

45. Canyonlands Granary

48. II. Anasazi • Location: Modern-day Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado. • B. Climate: Dry; hot summers, cold winters, snow in Utah and Colorado C. Noted for pueblo “houses” reached by entry ladders. During enemy attack, the ladders could be lifted. D. Crops/Food: corn, beans, and squash.Enough corn was being raised to create a surplus.They domesticated turkeys and used bows/arrows for hunting. E. Also noted for baskets and pottery. Purpose: ________ F. Baskets and pottery full of surplus food were put in storage areas. (Copy) III. Moundbuilders

50. III. Moundbuilders • (Copy) • Location: modern-day Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois. • B. Food sources: hunting, foraging, trading and agriculture.