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Psychological Disorders

Learn about the major classifications of psychological disorders, including anxiety, mood, somatoform, dissociative, schizophrenia, sleep, eating, and personality disorders. Explore the history, theories, and perspectives on psychological disorders.

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Psychological Disorders

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  1. Psychological Disorders An Introduction Stolen from www.appsychology.com

  2. What are 2 major classifications of disorders? • What makes a psychological disorder? • What is the DSM-IV? • What are culture-bound syndromes? • What are anxiety disorders? • What are mood disorders? • What are somatoform disorders? • What are dissociative disorders? • What are schizophrenic disorders? • What are sleep disorders? • What are eating disorders? • What are personality disorders? • What is trephening? • What is the Rosenhan Study?

  3. What is a Psychological Disorder? • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable. All this depends on: • Culture Is playing video games 5 hours per day a disorder? • Time Period • Environmental Conditions • Individual Person

  4. Early Theories • Afflicted people were possessed by evil spirits.

  5. Early Theories • Music or singing was often used to chase away spirits. • In some cases trephening was used: Cutting a hole in the head of the afflicted to let out the evil spirit.

  6. Trephening

  7. Early Theories • Another theory was to make the body extremely uncomfortable.

  8. History of Mental Disorders • In the 1800’s, disturbed people were no longer thought of as madmen, but as mentally ill. They were first put in hospitals. Did this mean better treatment?

  9. Early Mental Hospitals • They were nothing more than barbaric prisons. • The patients were chained and locked away. • Some hospitals even charged admission for the public to see the “crazies”, just like a zoo.

  10. Philippe Pinel • French doctor who was the first to take the chains off and declare that these people are sick and “a cure must be found!!!”

  11. Somatogenic • At this time- it was believed that mental illness had a bodily cause- Somatogenic. • Remember that soma = body But Somatogenic could not explain disorders such as hysteria (now called conversion disorder). Many disorders are psychogenic: the origin is psychological, not physical.

  12. Current Perspectives • Medical Perspective: psychological disorders are sicknesses and can be diagnosed, treated and cured.

  13. Current Perspectives • Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective: assumes biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine to interact causing psychological disorders. Used to be called Diathesis-Stress Model: diathesis meaning predisposition and stress meaning environment.

  14. Classifying Psychological Disorders • What is the DSM-IV? Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: the book to classify mental disorders Two Major Classifications:

  15. Psychotic Disorders • Person loses contact with reality, experiences distorted perceptions

  16. Neurotic Disorders • Distressing but one can still function in society and act rationally • Spongebob may be hyperactive and manic, but not psychotic.

  17. Personality Disorders Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

  18. Personality Disorders • Paranoid • Antisocial • Borderline • Histrionic • Narscisstic • Schizoid • Avoidant • dependent

  19. Paranoid Personality Disorder • Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by a distrust of others and a constant suspicion that people around you have sinister motives.Everyone is out to get you.

  20. Paranoid Personality Disorder • They search for hidden meanings in everything and read hostile intentions into the actions of others. • They are quick to challenge the loyalties of friends and loved ones and often appear cold and distant to others. They usually shift blame to others and tend to carry long grudges.

  21. Antisocial Personality Disorder • antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a lack of conscience • People with this disorder are prone to criminal behavior, believing that their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of. They tend to lie and steal

  22. Antisocial Personality Disorder • they are careless with money and take action without thinking about consequences They are often aggressive and are much more concerned with their own needs than the needs of others.

  23. Borderline Personality Disorder • characterized by mood instability and poor self-image “I hate you. Get away! . . . Why did you leave me asshole?!”

  24. Borderline Personality Disorder • they will take their anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury Suicidal threats and actions are not uncommon They are quick to anger when their expectations are not met.

  25. Histrionic Personality Disorder • constant attention seekers They need to be the center of attention all the time, often interrupting others in order to dominate the conversation.

  26. Histrionic Personality Disorder • They may dress provocatively or exaggerate illnesses in order to gain attention. They also tend to exaggerate friendships and relationships, believing that everyone loves them

  27. Narcissistic Personality Disorder • characterized by self-centeredness They exaggerate their achievements, expecting others to recognize them as being superior

  28. Narcissistic Personality Disorder They tend to be choosy about picking friends, since they believe that not just anyone is worthy of being their friend. They are generally uninterested in the feelings of others and may take advantage of them.

  29. Schizoid Personality Disorder • People with schizoid personality disorder avoid relationships and do not show much emotion They genuinely prefer to be alone and do not secretly wish for popularity.

  30. Schizoid Personality Disorder • They tend to seek jobs that require little social contact Their social skills are often weak and they do not show a need for attention or acceptance They are perceived as humorless and distant and often are termed "loners."

  31. Schizotypal Personality Disorder • characterized by a need for social isolation, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs such as being convinced of having extra sensory abilities. • Some people believe that schizotypal personality disorder is a mild form of schizophrenia.

  32. Avoidant personality disorder • characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation. • consider themselves to be socially inept or personally unappealing, and avoid social interaction for fear of being ridiculed or humiliated.

  33. Dependent personality disorder • characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. • has difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others

  34. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder • characterized by a general psychological inflexibility, rigid conformity to rules and procedures, perfectionism, and excessive orderliness. • people with OCPD tend to stress perfectionism above all else, and feel anxious when they perceive that things aren't "right".

  35. Mood Disorders • Psychological Disorders characterized by emotional extremes. • Dysthymic Disorder • Major Depressive Disorder • Seasonal Affective Disorder • Bipolar Disorder

  36. Depression

  37. Depression

  38. Major Depressive Disorder • A person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressive moods. Includes feelings of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities.

  39. Dysthymic Disorder • Suffering from mild depression every day for at least two years.

  40. Seasonal Affective Disorder

  41. Bipolar Disorder • Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

  42. Famous People with Bipolar

  43. Bipolar Brain

  44. Norepinephrine Increases arousal and boosts moods.

  45. Suicide

  46. Suicide

  47. Eating disorders • Anorexia – starving yourself • Bulimia – binging and purging • Both deal with poor self image and • possibly body dysmorphic disorder

  48. Anxiety Disorders a group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety. the patient fears something awful willhappen to them. Are anxiety disorders a neurosis or psychosis.?

  49. Anxiety disorders? • GAD – generalized anxiety disorder • Panic disorder – • Phobias • OCD – obsessive compulsive disorder

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