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Bird Ovaries: Developing Ova inside Follicle

Bird Ovaries: Developing Ova inside Follicle. Oogenesis Ovum (Gamete) Production. (Meiosis Partially Completed at Birth). Follicle Maturation. Primary Oocytes: 500 - 2000. Follicle Containing Egg (= Ovum). http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/VultureBlackOvum01.jpg. Follicle Maturation.

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Bird Ovaries: Developing Ova inside Follicle

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  1. Bird Ovaries: Developing Ova inside Follicle

  2. Oogenesis Ovum (Gamete) Production (Meiosis Partially Completed at Birth)

  3. Follicle Maturation Primary Oocytes: 500 - 2000 Follicle Containing Egg (= Ovum) http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/VultureBlackOvum01.jpg

  4. Follicle Maturation Timeframe Passerines: 4-5 Days Ducks/Pigeons: 6-8 Days Penguins: 6-8 Days Enlargement Up to 1000X Initial Size Egg (Ovum) http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/VultureBlackOvum01.jpg

  5. Follicle Maturation: Yolk Contents of Ovum Materials • Nutrition (Proteins, Lipids) • Hormones (e.g., Testosterone) • Immune Factors (e.g., Carotenoids, • Immunoglobins) • Antioxidants (e.g., Carotenoids, • a Vitamin A precursor)

  6. Follicle Maturation: Yolk Anatomy of Ovum Vitelline Membrane Yellow Yolk (Day Deposition) White Yolk (Night Deposition) (Germ Spot) Central Latebra (contains clear Vitelline Fluid)

  7. Follicle Maturation: Yolk Content in Altricial versus Precocial Birds Altricial: Precocial: Fig. 14-14 in Gill 2007

  8. Follicle Maturation: Mature and Atretic Follicles Stigma of Maturing Follicle Atretic Follicles http://partnersah.vet.cornell.edu/avian-atlas/sites/agilestaging.library.cornell.edu.avian-atlas/files/avian_atlas_assets/3.4.08.2DSC00050%20x750.jpg

  9. Ovulation Clutch

  10. Fertilization

  11. Sex Determination: Birds vs. Mammals

  12. Gynandromorphs

  13. Egg Development: Magnum (Albumin and Chalaza Deposition)

  14. Egg Development: Magnum (Albumin and Chalazae Deposition) Albumin Composition: Water (90%) Protein (10%) Function: Water Supply Shock Absorption Insulation “Egg Whites”

  15. Egg Development: Magnum 1) Chalazal Albumin (Dense) 2) Inner Albumin (Watery) 3) Fibrous Albumin (Viscous) 4) Outer Albumin (Watery) Chalaza – Twisted, Ropy Albumin

  16. Egg Development: Isthmus (Additional Albumin, Shell Membrane (2) Deposition)

  17. Egg Development: Isthmus (Additional Albumin, Outer and Inner Shell Membrane Deposition) Outer Shell Membrane Inner Shell Membrane (Air Space)

  18. Egg Development: Uterus (with Shell Gland)

  19. Egg Development: Uterus (with Shell Gland) Function • Additional Albumin • Shell • Pigments Papillae Fig. 8-76 in Podulka et al. 2004

  20. Egg Development: Uterus (with Shell Gland) (Cuticle, Calcite Crystals, Pore, Shell Membranes, Chorioallantoic Membrane) Fig. 8-66 in Podulka et al. 2004

  21. Egg Development: Uterus (with Shell Gland) (Consequences of Shell Porosity) DDT

  22. Egg Development: Consequences of Egg Shell Porosity

  23. Embryo Development: Yolk Sac and 3 Extra-Embryonic Membranes 2) Allantoic Sac 3) Amnion 3) Chorion Yolk Sac

  24. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Color: Among Species Variation)

  25. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Markings: Among Species Variation) Spotted Streaked 24 25

  26. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Markings: Among Species Variation) Fig. 8-76 in Podulka et al. 2003

  27. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Color and Markings: Among Species Variation)

  28. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Color: Within Species Variation) Common Murre Individual Egg Recognition in Colonies (Common Murres only accepts eggs colored like its own)

  29. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Markings and Shape – Within Clutch Variation) (Adaptive Value?) American Crow Clutch

  30. Egg Development: Shell Gland (Uterus) (Egg Color: Within Species Variation in “Egg-Dumping” Birds) Female 1 Female 2 Female 3 Northern Masked-Weaver

  31. Egg Expulsion: Vagina and Cloaca Fig. 4-111 in Podulka et al. 2004

  32. Egg Laying • Many Birds (e.g., Passerines, Woodpeckers) Lay Eggs about • 24 Hours Apart • Some Birds Lay their Eggs Two Days Apart (Ostrich, Herons, • Doves, Owls, Hummingbirds, Swifts, Kingfishers, • Some Accipiters • Penguins Lay their Eggs Three to Six Days Apart • Kiwis lay their Eggs 14-30 Days Apart

  33. Egg Size

  34. Egg Size: Among Species Variation Fig. 8-69 in Podulka et al. 2003

  35. Egg Size: Among Species Variation (Precocious versus Altricial Birds) Fig. 8-71 in Podulka et al. 2003

  36. Egg Shape : Among Species Variation Fig. 8-72 in Podulka et al. 2003

  37. Egg Shape : Among Species Variation Nomenclature Fig. 8-72 in Podulka et al. 2003

  38. Egg Shape – Adaptive Value of Shape Common Murre Pyriform Shape Adaptive, But NOT FOUND in other Cliff Nesters Fig. 8-73 in Podulka et al. 2004

  39. Swift’s Mating 28

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