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CHAPTER 4 CELLULAR METABOLISM

CHAPTER 4 CELLULAR METABOLISM. ANABOLISM. http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=arnold+schwarzenegger+movies+pumping+iron&FORM=BIFD&adlt=strict #. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS. http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/03_40_2_synthesis_polymer.jpg. CATABOLISM.

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CHAPTER 4 CELLULAR METABOLISM

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  1. CHAPTER 4CELLULAR METABOLISM

  2. ANABOLISM http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=arnold+schwarzenegger+movies+pumping+iron&FORM=BIFD&adlt=strict#

  3. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ecb_images/03_40_2_synthesis_polymer.jpg

  4. CATABOLISM http://www.saidaonline.com/en/newsgfx/cat-and-mouse-jpg.jpg

  5. HYDROLYSIS http://imcurious.wikispaces.com/file/view/hydrolysis_reaction.jpg/113609729/hydrolysis_reaction.jpg

  6. ENZYMES http://www.agricultureinformation.com/mag/?p=2984

  7. ENZYME ACTION http://www.carefreeenzymes.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/EnzymeExample.jpg ENZYME REMAINS UNCHANGED

  8. METABOLIC PATHWAYS CONTROLLED BY: http://www2.ufp.pt/~pedros/bq/all.gif NEGATIVE FEEDBACK RATE LIMITNG ENZYME

  9. COFACTOR/COENZYME http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/proteins/images/u4fg3.jpg

  10. ENZYME ACTIVITY • HEAT • RADIATION • ELECTRICITY • CERTAIN CHEMICALS • HIGH pH DENATURED

  11. ATP http://www.griffined.com/pages/biohomepage.html

  12. http://biogeno.us/faithblogs/johnyongminkim/files/2008/10/img0131.jpghttp://biogeno.us/faithblogs/johnyongminkim/files/2008/10/img0131.jpg

  13. PHOSPHORYLATION http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514267672/html/graphic44.png

  14. PHOSPHORYLATION OF ATP http://230nsc1.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Biology/imgbio/atpsynp.gif

  15. CELLULAR RESPIRATION GLYCOLYSIS KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

  16. GLYCOLYSIS http://library.thinkquest.org/27819/media/glycolysis.gif

  17. GLYCOLYSIS SUMMARY • ANAEROBIC • GLUCOSE BREAKS IN HALF:2 3 CARBON • USES 2 ATPS/ MAKES 4 ATPS • NET GAIN: 2 ATPS • FORMS 2 NADH

  18. NAD http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/NAD_NADH.jpg HYDROGEN CARRIER

  19. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN NOT ACCEPTING H • LACTIC ACID FORMED

  20. AEROBIC RESPIRATION CITRIC ACID CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN

  21. CITRIC ACID CYCLE http://www.apjohncancerinstitute.org/images/chart2a.jpg

  22. CoA

  23. CITRIC ACID CYCLE SUMMARY AEROBIC 1 ATP PER CYCLE: 2 ATPS NET 8 NADH 2 FADH2 6 CO2 RELEASED

  24. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=ELECTRON+TRANSPORT+CHAIN&qpvt=ELECTRON+TRANSPORT+CHAIN&FORM=Z7FD1&adlt=strict#focal=4139d4d535aa5e3jpg

  25. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN SUMMARY AEROBIC 10 NADH  30 ATPS 2 FADH2  4 ATPS TOTAL: 34 ATPS FORMATION OF H2O: Oxygen is the final electron carrier

  26. CELLULLAR RESPIRATION SUMMARY • ATP PRODUCTION • GLYCOLYSIS: • 2 ATP • KREB’S CYCLE: • 2 ATP • ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: • 34 ATP • TOTAL: • 38 ATP • NADH PRODUCTION • GLYCOLYSIS • 2 • KREBS CYCLE • 8 • TOTAL • 10 • FADH2 PRODUCTION • KREBS CYCLE • 2 HOW MANY ATPS FOR NADH? HOW MANY ATPS FOR FADH2? WHY THE DIFFERENCE?

  27. CARBOHYDRATE USE • FOR? • CATABOLIC REACTIONS: ENERGY RELEASE (CELLULAR RESPIRATION) • ANABOLIC REACTIONS: TO STORE AS GLYCOGEN • EXCESS CAN FORM FAT MOLECULES • CAN FORM 12 AMINO ACIDS

  28. NUCLEIC ACIDS • DNA • GENETIC CODE • GENES • GENOME • GENE EXPRESSION • PURINES (DOUBLE RING): A & G • PYRIMIDINES: t & c • COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRS: A&T; G&C • CHROMATIN: DNA AND HISTONES

  29. DNA REPLICATION • WHEN DOES IT OCCUR?

  30. DNA REPLICATION HELICASE UNZIPS DNA FOR REPLICATION OR TRANSCRIPTION

  31. DNA REPLICATION http://library.thinkquest.org/C006188/basics/replication.htm DNA POLYMERASE

  32. GENETIC CODE TRIPLET CODE

  33. RNA • SINGLE STRAND • RIBOSE • URACIL REPLACES THYMINE • MOVE TO RIBOSOMES • 3 TYPES: • MESSENGER, TRANSFER, RIBOSOMAL

  34. RNA TRANSCRIPTION http://www.chem.uwec.edu/Webpapers2006/sites/fredermr RNA POLYMERASE; PROMOTER

  35. TRANSCRIPTION • WHEN DOES TRANSCRIPTION TAKE PLACE? • DNA HELICASE • RNA POLYMERASE • WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF FORMING mRNA?

  36. TRANSLATION • CODON • ANTICODON

  37. http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/bb331/lecture12/fi5p20.gif

  38. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/fgarces/ChemProj/Ch100_F99/Ch100/wise/protein_synthesis.gif

  39. VIDEO OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSv-Rq5C3K8&feature=related

  40. CHANGES IN GENETIC INFORMATION • MUTATIONS • Change; in <1% • Spontaneous: Replication errors: wrong base or nucelotide slip • Induced: Mutagens • Can cause disease • SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORHISMS: SNPs • No change • COPY NUMBER VARIANT: repeated sequence

  41. PROTECTION AGAINST MUTAITON • DNA DAMAGE RESPONSE • SPECIAL REPAIR ENZYMES • CODON STRUCTURE • 2 STRANDS OF EACH CHROMOSOME

  42. MUTATION EFFECT • GAMETE • ADULT CELL • CANCER

  43. INBORN ERROR OF METABOLISM • INHERITED MUTATION OF ENZYME THAT BLOCKS A REACTION • BIOCHEMICAL THE ENZYME WORKS ON BUILDS UP • BIOCHEMICAL THE ENZYME PRODUCES IS SCARCE

  44. INBORN ERROR OF METABOLISM

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