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Emissions of NOx and SOx from Baltic shipping Effects on air quality and marine eutrophication. Tapani Stipa , Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Marke Hongisto , Jari Walden ( Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli ( University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University ).
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Emissions of NOx and SOx fromBalticshippingEffects on air quality and marine eutrophication Tapani Stipa, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, MarkeHongisto, Jari Walden (Finnish Meterological Institute) Juha Kalli (University of Turku) Anders Brink (Åbo Akademi University)
Shipping is a globalsource of emissions • Shippingenjoyslong-standingfreedoms of the highseas • Emissionsfromshipsaredifficult to measure • Previousestimateswerebased on bunkerused and estimatedshiproutes • Updatesevery 5-10 years • Emissionshardlyregulated (until 2005 at least)
Goals (Emission inventory) AIS information Revised emission factors
Percentage of monthly NOx deposition due to ship emissions July 2006 January 2007
10,65 m 7 m 6 m Measure-ment cabin measurement station in Aegna • - Wind direction and –speed • - Temperature • - Measurement of gas compounds: O3, SO2 and NO/NOx • Mesurement frequency: 10 min discontinuous periods • -Windspeed • - Temperature • -Wind speed • - Temperature • - Measurement of gas compounds: O3, SO2 and NO/NOx
Shipping is a potential contributor to marine eutrophication Thought experiment:A month’s worth of shipping emissions would increase the nitrogen level in the sea within 10 km of the shipping lane significantly. The increase is comparable to about 5-20% of winter nutrient concentrations.
Conclusions • In the Balticregion, shipemissionsaccount for up to 50% of the Nox deposition • Balticshippingcreatesmore SOx emissionsthanNordiccountries (FI, SE, NO, DK) togetherfromland-basedsources • Muchpolicy-levelactivityboth in the Baltic and internationally • Should WMO liaisemorecloselywith IMO to promote the study of shippingemissions and theireffects?
Thankyou! [Quiz: where is the abovepicturetakenfrom?]