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The Female Pharaohs. The Most Powerful Women in History. Total of four Female Pharaohs in Egyptian history Hatshepsut (18 th Dynasty) , Nefertiti (18 th Dynasty), Cleopatra (Ptolemaic Dynasty) – Three Most Important During their reign – major accomplishments in Egyptian history.
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The Female Pharaohs The Most Powerful Women in History
Total of four Female Pharaohs in Egyptian history Hatshepsut (18th Dynasty) , Nefertiti (18th Dynasty), Cleopatra (Ptolemaic Dynasty) – Three Most Important During their reign – major accomplishments in Egyptian history Their History
Daughter of Thutmose I and Ahmese • Married half-brother King Thutmose II • Thutmose II died in 1490 BCE Hateshepst’s stepson • (Thutmose III) became Pharaoh • Hatshepsut served as regent • With support of Amon’s priests, Hatshepsut was crowned Pharaoh Hatshepsut The Women Who Would Be King • Encouraged trade and expeditions to other lands (e.g. Punt) • Sponsored many monumental building projects in Egypt • Built herself a great memorial temple, Deir el-Bahri
Nefertiti Forgotten Into History • Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten (ruled 1367 to 1350 BCE) • First Pharaoh to preach monotheism • Nefertiti supported her husbands beliefs • Nefertiti/Akhenaten’s reign known as Amarna Revolution • Changes in art, religion, social practices • Rumoured that after Akhenatan’s death Nefertiti ruled under the name of the name of the next Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty – Name of ‘Nefertiti’ erased from history
Cleopatra • 69 BCE Born in Alexandria • Had two younger brothers, one younger sister, two older sisters • Father was Ptolemy XII Enchantress of the Nile • Cleopatra VII was the last ruler of the Ptolemaic Dynasty • After death Egypt became Roman Province • 50 BCE Cleopatra meet Caesar – She was 19, he 52 – had an affair • 44 BCE Caesar was assassinated • 41 BCE Cleopatra meet Antony • 37 BCE she married Marc Antony (Roman General) – Both died in 30 BCE (committed Suicide)
Cleopatra was said to be Macedonian (descended from) • Cleopatra wasn’t really as beautiful as people say • Hatshepsut was the longest ruling Female Pharaoh Other Interesting Info • Alexander the Great founded the capital of Alexandria in Egypt • Cleopatra was first Ptolemaic ruler to learn Egyptian • After his death Egypt was ‘given’ • to the Ptolemies (Cleopatra’s bloodline)
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