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Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit

Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit. Dr. Jim Bergquist jbergquist@lcsc.org Lakes Country Service Cooperative August 2010. IPv6 Survival Kit Session Goals. Brief overview of IPv6 topics to build confidence in configuring IPv6 Explore ways in which IPv4 and IPv6 can coexist on devices

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Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit

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  1. Academy Conference 2010 IPv6 Survival Kit Dr. Jim Bergquist jbergquist@lcsc.org Lakes Country Service Cooperative August 2010

  2. IPv6 Survival Kit Session Goals • Brief overview of IPv6 topics to build confidence in configuring IPv6 • Explore ways in which IPv4 and IPv6 can coexist on devices • Use Packet Tracer to build, configure and troubleshoot a simple IPv6 network • Take away knowledge, tips and resources for effectively adding IPv6 content to Discovery 4 and Exploration 4 • Provide your students with fun and interesting facts about this important protocol

  3. A big “Thank you” to … • Michael McKeever, Computer Networking and Security Instructor, Santa Rosa Junior College, Petaluma, CA • Dallas Shiroma, Manager of Emerging Technologies, Pacific Center for Advanced Technology Training, Honolulu, HI

  4. Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space … and other fun stuff

  5. Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space Assign one IPv6 address per grain of sand How many grains of sand would be needed to use all IPv6 addresses? Fill Earth-sized containers with the sand 128 bit addresses 2 128 is a very large number Fill here Hollow Earth-sized container Sand Grain  Earth drawing credit: http://flickr.com/photos/ontdesign/ http://search.creativecommons.org/

  6. Visualizing the IPv6 Address Space The filled Earth-sized containers would make 20 circles around the outer orbit of our solar system (Pluto) Our Solar System Blue dots are Earth- sized containers Based on image from public image gallery at http://www.eso.org/

  7. Features Enhanced by IPv6 See Chapter 7 of Exploration, Accessing the WAN, Chapter 6 of Discovery, Designing and Supporting Computer Networks • Address autoconfiguration • Plug and Play networking with wide variety of devices • Connectivity to roaming mobile devices • Built-in Security – Security is easier • Better reliability through multihoming hosts • More efficient route aggregation • Simpler packet header • Many devices and apps already support IPv6

  8. IPv6 Address Format, Types and Scopes Just what we need to know

  9. IPv6 Address Format 128 bits separated into eight blocks of 16 bits, as hex: FC00:00D3:0000:2F00:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A In each 16-bit block, leading zeros may be removed: FC00:00D3:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A FC00:D3:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A Adjacent zeroes can be compressed (once): FC00:D3::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A

  10. Prefix Length, Allocation of Bits Example: 2001:DB8:0:2F00:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64 Prefix length (number of network bits) is 64 Same notation as CIDR in IPv4, no subnet masks 16 subnet bits, (/49 to /64) given to a site – 65,535 LANs! Usually 64 bits are used for hosts in IPv6

  11. Types of IPv6 Addresses Unicast (one to one) Also: Multicast (one to many) Loopback (0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1) Anycast (one to “nearest,” not widely used) No broadcasts in IPv6

  12. Unicast IPv6 Address Scopes Link-local addresses—only on single link, not routed FE80 prefix Unique-local addresses—routed within private network FC00 prefix Global unicast addresses—globally routable 2001 prefix currently being issued 64 bit host portion

  13. IPv6 Address Assignment Often, it does the work for us

  14. IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration Host automatically configures its own link-local address With link-local address, a host discovers connected routers to obtain a global prefix A host then builds its own global unicast address Static assignments are also possible

  15. Stateless Autoconfiguration Process 00 90 27 17 FC 0F 00 90 27 17 FC 0F FF FE 00 90 27 FF FE 17 FC 0F 1 = Unique 0 = Not Unique 000000U0 Where U= U = 1 02 FF FE 90 27 17 FC 0F Uses MAC Address 48 bit MAC Address 64 bits become part of IPv6 address

  16. Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing Router(config)#int fa0/1 Router(config-if)#ipv6 addr 2001:db8::/64 eui-64 Router(config-if)#ipv6 enable Router(config-if)#no shut Stateless Autoconfiguration Only the network part of the address is supplied in the ipv6 address command

  17. Stateless Autoconfiguration Router’s fa0/1 interface generates its link-local address and global unicast address Router#sho ipv6 int bri FastEthernet0/0 [administratively down/down] FastEthernet0/1 [up/up] FE80::201:42FF:FE44:3C02 2001:DB8::201:42FF:FE44:3C02

  18. Good Practice in IPv6 Addressing Hosts should have globally routable addresses created with stateless autoconfiguration Use 2001 prefix Use /64 eui-64 to create them Serial links between routers should not use globally routable addresses Use FC00 prefix and static addressing Use a prefix length /64 However, the prefix length could also be, for example, /112

  19. Good Practice in IPv6 Addressing Static addresses between routers Stateless autoconfigurationfor hosts

  20. Commands for Students to Compare

  21. Commands for Students to Compare show ip interface brief show ipv6 interface brief show ip route show ipv6 route show ip protocols show ipv6 protocols

  22. Ping Command for IPv6 Cisco routers, Packet Tracer routers and Packet Tracer PCs use ping Windows XP uses ping6 Packet Tracer PCs and Windows XP uses ipv6config

  23. ConfiguringIPv6 RIP Differs slightly from RIP for IPv4

  24. Global Commands Router(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing (enable IPv6) Router(config)#ipv6 router rip CIRCUS (define a routing process called CIRCUS)

  25. Interface Commands- Auto Config Router(config)#int fa0/0 Router(config-if)#ipv6 enable Router(config-if)#ipv6 addr 2001:db8:2:3::/64 eui-64 Router(config-if)#ipv6 rip CIRCUS enable Router(config-if)#no shut The router is now configured with IPv6 RIP on fa0/0 Repeat for other involved interfaces Ensure that the PCs are set for Auto Config in the Config Tab The IPv4 network command is not used

  26. IPv4 and IPv6 Co-existence Configuring Dual Stack

  27. Dual Stack Example Dual stack means configuring IPv4 and IPv6 on router interfaces and PCs No special router commands needed Works on any router that supports IPv6 Main tasks: Configure IPv4 and IPv6 addresseson appropriate interfaces Enable RIP and IPv6 RIP routing protocols (or OSPF and OSPFv3) Note: The IPv4 and IPv6 routing tables are separate

  28. PC0 is a Dual Stack Host • Ping from an IPv4 host to PC0 Destination

  29. PC0 is a Dual Stack Host • Ping from an IPv6 host to PC0 Destination

  30. IPv4 Routing Table, Router1 Router1#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, … <output omitted> Gateway of last resort is not set R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.5.2, 00:00:04, Serial0/0/1 C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0 C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 R 192.168.7.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:05, Serial0/0/0

  31. IPv6 Routing Table, Router1 Router1#sho ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 6 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP C 2001:DB8:0:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L 2001:DB8:0:1:202:16FF:FE53:4601/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 R 2001:DB8:0:7::/64 [120/1] via FE80::2D0:BCFF:FEAB:6681, Serial0/0/0 C FC00:0:0:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L FC00:0:0:1::2/128 [0/0] via ::, Serial0/0/0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0

  32. Configuring Dual Stack - Lab • Open this lab with Packet Tracer 5.3 • Work with a neighbor on questions that arise

  33. ICMPv6 Packet Type Numbers You can look at packet details with Packet Tracer

  34. Some ICMPv6 Type Numbers Router Advertisement(Neighbor Discovery)- 134 Specific to IPv6 Sent periodically to neighbors v6 Echo Request (ping)- 128 Compare with v4: Type 8 v6 Echo Reply (ping)- 129 Compare with v4: Type 0 Activity: Use Packet Tracer in Simulation mode Click a packet to see type number Type 134

  35. IPv6 Modeling in Packet Tracer

  36. IPv6 Modeling in Packet Tracer • In PT, click Help. In browser, click Modeling, Layer 3 IP • Addressing topics • Click Modeling, Routing • IPv6 routing protocols

  37. Links to Additional Information

  38. Additional Information “IPv6” (go to) General IPv6 information, FAQ, links go6, (“The IPv6 portal”) (go to) Upcoming events, blog, wiki, newsletter, member area IPv6 Task Force (“The IPv6 Portal”) (go to) Introduction, news, pressroom, RSS, IPv6 Guide, and Portal The IPv6 Forum (go to) Events, news, book recommendations, government news, competitions, and an “IPv4 Exhaustion Counter”! Portals, Forums, information sites

  39. Additional Information Useful RFCs and lists • IETF RFC repository (go to) • Find an RFC if you know its number • networksorcery.com list of IPv6 RFCs (go to) • Excellent searchable list, including obsoleted RFCs • Microsoft IPv6 implementation (go to) • RFCs used to implement IPv6 in Windows 2003 Server and XP

  40. Additional Information Introduction to IPv6 – Why IPv6? (go to) Overview and In-depth sections Cisco IOS IPv6 Command Reference (go to) Excellent source for learning and troubleshooting List of RFCs for IPv6 (go to) Useful for understanding Cisco IPv6 implementations A description of address types IPv6 Introduction video podcast by Darrel Root

  41. Related Academy Conference Sessions

  42. Related Academy ConferenceSession Material • IPv6 and Packet Tracer, Dr. Jim Bergquist, 2009 • Getting Ready for IPv6, Dr. Ron Kovac and graduate students, 2010 • IPv6 Survival Kit, Julian Carranza, 2010 • IPv6 Survival Kit, Michael McKeever, 2010 • Will include a lab for configuring NetLabs

  43. List of Activities in IPv6 and Packet Tracer Stateless Autoconfiguration Stateless Autoconfig.pkt Build an IPv6 EUI-64 Address.doc (A separate activity) IPv6 RIP IPv6 RIP.pkt IPv6 OSPF IPv6 OSPF CCNP Lab 8-1.pkt Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packets Comparing ICMPv4 and ICMPv6 Packet types.doc (and answers) ICMPv4 ICMPv6 packets.pkt From 2009 conference

  44. List of Activities in IPv6 and Packet Tracer Broken Networks 3 Router-IPv6 RIP-broken1.pkt IPv6 RIP-broken2.pkt Unconfigured Network Unconfigured.pkt (Configured.pkt included for reference) Dual Stack Dual stack-both IPv6 and IPv4.pkt Upgrade IOS for PT 2620XM to support IPv6 Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router.doc Upgrading IOS of Packet Tracer 2620XM router_ANSWERS.doc No pkt file

  45. Obtaining Conference Materials • Go to https://cisco.webex.com/meet/kalderso • Click the Files tab • Select the + to expand the “2009USAcadConf” folder, OR • Select the + to expand the “2010USAcadConf” folder • (It will be posted after completion of all conferences) • Download the files you want

  46. Obtaining Conference Materials Another method, for 2010 materials • Login to the 2010 Virtual Academy Conference • In the Resource Room, session materials are posted for each conference separately

  47. Topics Not Covered Here … … but check the additional resources I’ve referenced

  48. Topics Covered in Other Resources Why IPv6, and why not NAT? Time frame for implementation Details of the parts of the address Special addresses Type and scope of addresses Details of packet header Neighbor discovery See the links to resources and additional information

  49. Topics Covered in Other Resources IPv6 ACLs Security with IPv6 Mobility with IPv6 IPv4 to IPv6 migration: dual stack, tunneling, translation Current deployment status of IPv6 Some IPv6 sites on internet Tunneling See the links to resources and additional information

  50. Q & A

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