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Prepared by: Azarias Dolores Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Compressor Actuator. Prepared by: Azarias Dolores Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University azariasd@gmail.com ; T: ( 435)225 -4575; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.). 3/12/10.

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Prepared by: Azarias Dolores Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

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  1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Compressor Actuator Prepared by: Azarias Dolores Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University azariasd@gmail.com ; T: (435)225 -4575; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) 3/12/10

  2. Outline • Reference list • Major applications • Compressor Principle • Compress Factor Temperature of Air • Compressibility Factor • Different Types • Way that Gas Can be Compress • Other Compressor • How to Compare Compressor • CompressorEfficiency • CompressorProblem • Where to buy ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  3. Reference list • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_compressor • http://www.carlylecompressor.com/corp/details/0,2938,CLI1_DIV24_ETI1260,00.html • http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/SPRING/propulsion/UnifiedPropulsion9/UnifiedPropulsion9.htm • http://www.free-online-private-pilot-ground-school.com/turbine-engines.html • https://www.oildompublishing.com/PGJ/pgjarchive/Oct%2004/industry%20benefits-10-04.pdf • www.tweakheadz.com/compressors.htm • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Refrigeration.png • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_Air_Brake_control_handle_and_valve.jpg • www.chemicalprocessing.com/resource_centers/fluid_handling/compressors.html?SESSID=0766972 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  4. Reference list • www.gepower.com/businesses/ge_oilandgas/en/our_brands/ac_compressor.htm • utwired.engr.utexas.edu/che354a/mom/compd.ppt • www.californiacompressor.com/ • http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/orbit/downloads/2Q01bently2.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  5. Major applications Higher or Lower pressures • In pipeline transport the compressor is use to push by a gas turbine the gas fuel from the production to the consumer. • We can see this in refrigeration or air conditioner or heater, that the compressor move the heat from one place to another. • Compressing the combustion air in Gas turbine. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Refrigeration.png ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  6. Major applications Higher or Lower pressures • In Scuba diving or oxygen tanks where the gas is store but it also need to come out with the breathing. • In petroleum refineries, processing the gasses production. • In industrial where they need to power their pneumatic equiment. • In pressurized aircraft or plane to provide oxygen an also jet engines to provide oxygen. • In submarine to store oxygen. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  7. Major applications Higher or Lower pressures • In a the sodas machine or a bar to push the liquid faster. • In rail and heavy road transport to operate the brakes on the rail with compressed air. • Compressed air to fill the tires. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_Air_Brake_control_handle_and_valve.jpg ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  8. Compressor Principle • This principle is try to reduce the volume of a gas to get pressure from the gas. • The pumps is the same basic principle as the compressor but in this case is just transporting fluid. • When you pressure a gas the temperature changes. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  9. Compress Factor Temperature of Air http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Compressibility_Factor_of_Air_75-200_K.png ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  10. Compressibility Factor - p is the pressure - Ṽ is the molar volume of the gas - T is the temperature - R is the gas constant ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  11. Different Types These are all the different type of compressor that are in the market. We can see how each one is classify. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  12. Way that Gas Can be Compress • Reciprocating compressor or piston compressor. • This a positive displacement compressor • Use a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure • Low flow rate • High pressure ratio. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ReciprocatingCompressor.jpg ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  13. Way that Gas Can be Compress • Centrifugal compressor • Rotate a disk to force the to the entry and increase the gas velocity and this energy is use to make pressure. • High flow rate • Low compression ratio • Combine compressor for high compression. http://www.gepower.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/orbit/downloads/2Q01bently2.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  14. Other Compressor • It is a combine compressor of the axial and radial components producing a diagonal flow. • For this case there is not need for a bigger diameter as it is for the centrifugal. • The diffuser is often used to turn diagonal flow to the axial direction. Diagonal or mixed-flow compressor: http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AB772E/AB772E117.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/003/AB772E/AB772E09.htm&h=566&w=450&sz=43&tbnid=YgVQOCETc1ZheM:&tbnh=134&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmixed%2Bflow%2Bcompressor&usg=__L6Mprt6ISWWZaCKZFL6C-k5b8w4=&ei=V8SaS66TNIiYsgP_ztCdAg&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=6&ct=image&ved=0CBcQ9QEwBQ ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  15. Other Compressor • This uses arrays of fan that, when they rotate, the compress the fluid that it is passing by the fans. • Use for high flow rate. • This fans are called airfoils that are in constant rotating motion. • They are high efficiencies, around 90%. Axial-flow compressor: utwired.engr.utexas.edu/che354a/mom/compd.ppt ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  16. Other Compressor • Also called scroll pump or vacuum pump. • Uses 2 spiral that compress the fluid or gas. • This spiral are interleaved like vanes. • This base on archimedean spiral geometry. Scroll compressor: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiYfMGssd9I&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_6xolDoqs0 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  17. How to Compare Compressor • Efficiency at full load, partial and no load • Noise level • Size • Oil carry-over • Vibration • Maintenance • Capacity • Pressure ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  18. CompressorEfficiency • Most practical are specific power consumption (kw/volume flow rate) • Isothermal • Isothermal Efficiency=Actual measured input power / Isothermal Power • Isothermal power (kW) = P1 x Q1 x loger/36.7 • Volumetric • Volumetric efficiency = Free air delivered m3/min / Compressor displacement • Compressor Displacement = Π x D2/4 x L x S x χ x n • Adiabatic • Mechanical ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  19. CompressorProblem Leaks • Consequences • Energy waste • Drop in System pressure • Shorter equipment life • Common leakage areas • Couplings, hoses, tubes, fittings • Pressure regulators • Open condensate traps, shut-off valves • Pipe joints, disconnects, thread sealants ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  20. Where to buy • www.NexTag.com • www.gascompressor.com • www.directindustry.com/.../gas-compressor-71927.html • www.manta.com/mb_34_E6233.../air_and_gas_compressors ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

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