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Tissues of the Body

Tissues of the Body. Key Terms. Histology: the study of tissues. Tissues: groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues. Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue. Epithelial Tissue.

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Tissues of the Body

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  1. Tissues of the Body

  2. Key Terms • Histology: • the study of tissues. • Tissues: • groups of cells which are similar in structure and which perform common or related functions.

  3. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues • Epithelial Tissue • Connective Tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nervous Tissue

  4. Epithelial Tissue • Epithelial Tissue Locations: • Covers the body • Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body • Covers the organs inside body cavities • Epithelial Tissue Functions: • Protection from physical & chemical injury, • Protection against microbial invasion, • Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, • Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and • Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

  5. Connective Tissue • Connective Tissue: • Most abundant & widely distributed tissue • Connective Tissue Functions: • Connects, binds and supports structures, • Tendons, ligaments, etc. • Protects & cushions organs and tissues, • Insulates (fat) and • Transports substances (blood).

  6. Muscle Tissue • Muscle Tissue location: • Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body. • Muscle Tissue Functions: • Movement • Locomotion • Maintains posture • Produces heat • Facial expressions • Pumps blood • Peristalsis( wave- like motion )

  7. Nervous Tissue • Nervous Tissue location: • Main component of the nervous system, ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves. • Nervous Tissue Functions: • Regulates & controls body functions • Generates & transmits nerve impulses • Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

  8. Different types of Epithelium

  9. Squamous Epithelium • Simple – one cell thick • Lines blood vessels, body cavities & cover organs in body cavities • Stratified – multiple layers • Forms epidermis

  10. Duct Duct Cuboidal Epithelium Cuboid Cells • Simple – one cell thick • Roughly cube shaped • Line ducts in kidneys, etc, where reabsorption and secretory activities take place. Cuboid Cells

  11. Columnar Epithelium • Simple – one cell thick • Column shaped (long & narrow) • Line digestive tract where reabsorption & secretion occurs. • Pseudostratified – gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells

  12. Specific Connective Tissue Types: • Adipose • Bone • Hyalaine cartilage

  13. Connective - Adipose • Stores energy (fat) • Insulates • Supports & protects organs

  14. Connective - Bone • Supports & protects • Mineral storage • Fat storage • Blood cell production

  15. Connective – Hyaline Cartilage • Supports while providing flexibility • Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular cartilage) • Holds open respiratory passages • Most abundant type of cartilage in body

  16. Muscle Tissue Types: • Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated • The body has three types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal (voluntary) • Cardiac (involuntary) • Smooth muscle (involuntary)

  17. Muscle - Skeletal • Muscle fibers (cells) long, parallel & cylindrical • With many nuclei (multinucleate) • Striations (cross stripes run perpendicular to the cells • Produce voluntary movement • Locomotion • Heat

  18. Specific Nervous Tissue Types Nervous – Neuron • Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another. • Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of nervous system connective tissue.

  19. Membranes • Cutaneous Membrane- Covers the body • Are continuous with mucous membranes • Sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces or that separate organs, or parts of organs from one another. • Mucous – line cavities or passages of the body that open to the exterior such as mouth, esophagus, digestive tract, respiratory passages • Function in protection, secretion of mucus, and absorption

  20. Serous • line closed cavities of the body such as thoracic cavity (pleura), Abdominal cavity (peritoneum), and sac in which heart lies (pericardium) • Also cover organs lying in those closed cavities • Has two layers • Visceral – covers organs • Parietal – lines the cavity • Potential space between the two layers is kept moist by the secretion of a small amount of serous fluid which prevents friction when the two layers rub together

  21. Synovial Membranes- Line joints, tendons, and bursa(A sac containing synovial fluid at sites of friction) Secrete synovial fluid which prevents friction on the smooth, moist surfaces

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