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Atmospheric Physics @ TU Delft

Atmospheric Physics @ TU Delft. Stephan de Roode, Harm Jonker. air quality in the urban environment. energy. clouds, climate and weather. Conservation equations. Momentum "Navier Stokes". Heat. Water. Mass. 10 km Large Eddy Model. Landsat satellite 65 km. ~1 m m-100 m m. ~mm.

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Atmospheric Physics @ TU Delft

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  1. Atmospheric Physics @ TU Delft Stephan de Roode, Harm Jonker air quality in the urban environment energy clouds, climate and weather

  2. Conservation equations Momentum "Navier Stokes" Heat Water Mass

  3. 10 km Large Eddy Model Landsat satellite 65 km ~1mm-100mm ~mm ~100m Clouds & Climate Earth ~13000 km

  4. The Zoo of Atmospheric Models Cloud dynamics mm 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km 100 km 1000 km 10000 km Cloud microphysics  turbulence Cumulus clouds Cumulonimbus clouds Mesoscale Convective systems Extratropical Cyclones Planetary waves DNS Subgrid Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model LimitedAreaWeather Model (LAM) Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) Model Global Climate Model Engineering Fundamental

  5. Currentdevelopments Cloud dynamics mm 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km 100 km 1000 km 10000 km Cloud microphysics  turbulence Cumulus clouds Cumulonimbus clouds Mesoscale Convective systems Extratropical Cyclones Planetary waves DNS Subgrid Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model LimitedAreaWeather Model (LAM) NumericalWeatherPrediction (NWP) Model Global Climate Model Engineering Fundamental

  6. The Zoo of Atmospheric Models Cloud dynamics mm 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km 100 km 1000 km 10000 km Cloud microphysics  turbulence Cumulus clouds Cumulonimbus clouds Mesoscale Convective systems Extratropical Cyclones Planetary waves DNS Subgrid Large Eddy Simulation (LES) Model LimitedAreaWeather Model (LAM) NumericalWeatherPrediction (NWP) Model Global Climate Model Harm Jonker Stephan de Roode Pier Siebesma (KNMI/TUD)

  7. Computing the weather

  8. Planck: Wien’s law: Stefan-Boltzmann

  9. Solar radiation The sun Surface temperature Tsun = 5778 K Radius Rsun = 6.96342×105 km Total energy production: Q = sTsun4 x 4pRsun2 = 3.85×1026 W energy emitted (W/m2) total surface area (m2) UV image of the sun source: SOHO EIT

  10. Solar constant S0 : flux of solar energy at the top of the Earth's atmosphere Distance RE-S= 1.496×1011 m Energy conservation: Flux integrated over the imaginairy surface area of a sphere centered around the sun is constant => Q = sTsun4 x 4pRsun2 = S0 x 4pRE-S2

  11. Radiative equilibrium for an Earth without an atmosphere Fraction of solar radiation absorbed by the Earth = Radiation emitted by the Earth ap = Earth surface albedo Radiative equilibrium temperature

  12. snow land sea ice Radiative Earth equilibrium temperature (no atmosphere) real mean Tearth = 288 K mean albedo Earth

  13. shortwave longwave Scattering and absorption scattering cross section ssca absorption cross section sa: effective area of the molecule for removing energy from the incident beam absorption cross section sa

  14. Apply energy balance Energy conservation of the system

  15. Apply energy balance Energy conservation of the system Radiative energy balance of the atmosphere

  16. Apply energy balance Energy conservation of the system Radiative energy balance of the atmosphere Radiative equilibrium temperature of the Earth surface

  17. Radiative equilibrium temperature for an Earth with an atmosphere 16°C mean emissivity atmosphere enhanced greenhouse effect

  18. Stephens et al., 2012

  19. Clouds in a future climate Cloud feedback Surface albedo feedback Water vapor feedback Radiative effects only Dufresne & Bony, Journal of Climate 2008

  20. The playground for cloud physicists: Hadley circulation deep convection shallow cumulus stratocumulus

  21. Study the evolution of a low cloud deck during its advection towards the tropics deep convection shallow cumulus stratocumulus

  22. Study the effects of clouds on the radiation budget with a high-resolution turbulence model

  23. Clouds are strong reflectors of solar radiation cloud layer geometric thickness [m] stratocumulus courtesy Kees Floor A total amount of about 0.1 mm of liquid water in an atmospheric column is sufficient to reflect 50% of the downward solar radiation

  24. The Eddington (E) Index Arthur Eddington (Einstein and Eddington, HBO-BBC co-production, 2008 ) Chandrasekhar (Nobel prize for physics 1983) (E-Index 84!)

  25. Navier Stokes in DWDD http://dewerelddraaitdoor.vara.nl/media/308806

  26. Journal papers writing a paper, how to deal with citations, co-authors? H-index peer review journal impact factor open access journals

  27. Exercises 22 October: Paper discussions Stephens et al., 2012: An update on Earth's energy balance in light of the latest global observations, Nature Geosciences. (group 1 presents, group 2 asks questions) Stevens and Bony, 2013: Water in the atmosphere, Physics Today. (group 3 presents, group 4 asks questions) 29 October?: One paper, one exercise Dufresne and Bony, 2008: An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models, J. Climate. (group 2 presents, group 1 asks questions) Exercise on equilibrium state solutions of low clouds. (group 3 presents, group 4 asks questions)

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