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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. Derm and integere = 'to cover‘ hair , scales , feathers , and nails Largest organ - 16% body weight 1.5-2m 2 surface area. FYI. In 2 square inch … 20 blood vessels, 65 hairs and hair muscles 78 nerves, 78 heat sensors, 13 cold sensors

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System Derm and integere = 'to cover‘ hair, scales, feathers, and nails Largest organ - 16% body weight 1.5-2m2 surface area

  2. FYI In 2 square inch … 20 blood vessels, 65 hairs and hair muscles 78 nerves, 78 heat sensors, 13 cold sensors 160 sensors for pressure, 100 sebaceous/oil glands, 650 sudoriferous/sweat glands 1300 nerve endings, 19,500,000 cells 0.5 million cells dying and being replaced

  3. Functions Protection: barrier, shock absorber Water balance: prevents water loss, absorption Thermoregulation: evaporative cooling by sweating, vasoconstriction/vasodilation, Why? Waste disposal: oil, water, Na+, CO2, etc. Receptor organs: touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure Vitamin D production

  4. Layers of the Skin Epidermis (epithelial cells); avascular; stratified squamous Dermis (tough, leathery fibrous connective tissue; only part that is vascularized) - also called the corium Subcutaneous (hypodermis) Not skin Adipose/areolar connective tissue Stores fat Anchors skin to underlying structures Allows skin to slide freely Shock absorber, insulator Thickens with weight gain

  5. Layers of the Epidermis:

  6. Types of Cells in Epidermis: Keratinocytes – protection from elements millions rubbed off every day Melanocytes – pigment cells Langerhans cells macrophages that activate immune system Merkel cells sensory nerve receptors

  7. Dermis = True skin Cells – fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, WBCs Fibers – collagen, elastin, reticular loss of elastin/subcut fat? Arterioles, Venules & Capillaries Lymphatic vessels Nerves, Hair shafts/follicles Sensory receptors

  8. Layers of the Dermis Papillary layer many blood vessels & capillaries pain/touch receptors Meissner’s corpuscles - touch receptors dermal ridges – friction/gripping/prints Reticular layer elastin 80% of dermis collagen Lines of cleavage/tension longitudinal - head and limbs circular - neck and trunk Parallel incisions heal faster

  9. Common Problems of the Dermis Stretch marks – tears in dermis silvery white scars Blister – separation of layers by fluid

  10. Skin Color Melanin freckles, albinism, vitiligo Carotene precursor to Vitamin A Hemoglobin light skinned people? Used in diagnosis cyanotic; jaundice; erythema

  11. Accessory Organs Develop from epidermis of embryo Hair Glands Sebaceous, Sudoriferous, Ceruminous Nails

  12. Hair

  13. Questions to think about: • Why does our hair turn grey? • Does cutting your hair make it grow faster? • What causes goose/chill bumps? • Where on our body do we not have hair? • How often does our hair rest & grow? • What causes male pattern baldness? • Why do we have different color hair?

  14. Oil Glands = Sebaceous Glands • What does a gland do? • Sebac = greasy • What is sebum? • Blackhead/pimple/boil? • Dermabrasion?

  15. Sweat glands = Sudoriferous Gl. • Apocrine vs. Eccrine? • Apo = from • Eccrine = secrete outward • Sudori = sweat • Apocrine – pits and privates • Eccrine – sweat pores, forehead, palms and soles of feet.

  16. Wax Glands = Ceruminous Glands • Where are they? • What do they do? • What should you do if you produce a large amount of cerumen?

  17. Nails • Tightly packed epidermis • Matrix, root, cuticle, lunula (little moon), nail body and free edge • Protection, scratchin’ and pickin’ yur nose. Why do we need fingernails?

  18. How does aging affect the Integumentary System?? • Acne • Fibers in dermis affected =Wrinkles • Immune response? • Drier & thinner skin • Gray hair & atypical skin pigmentation • Decrease in nail & hair growth

  19. How does the skin help regulate body temperature? Hot Cold Baby!!! • Thermoreceptors stimulated • Input to Hypothalamus • Sweat glands stimulated • Evaporation causes cooling • Temp returns to normal • - Or + feedback?

  20. Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic/ Immune Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive How does the Integumentary System help with homeostasis?

  21. Burns • What are 4 causes of burns? • What are the 3 types of burns & how are they different? • What is the rule of nines?

  22. Rule of Nines

  23. Skin Cancer • What are 3 types? • What is the ABCD rule for melanoma?

  24. Hemangiomas

  25. Impetigo

  26. Poison Ivy Do you suppose he experienced pruritis?

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