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Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather

Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather. Let’s Review. Air Masses. Air Pressure. MoreDirect Sun Hot. 0 o Equator. 90 o S. 60 o N. 90 o N. 30 o S. 60 o S. 30 o N. Convection Currents. Global Convection Cells. Global Wind Patterns. The Coriolis Effect.

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Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather

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  1. Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather

  2. Let’s Review

  3. Air Masses

  4. Air Pressure

  5. MoreDirect Sun Hot 0 o Equator 90 o S 60 o N 90 o N 30 o S 60 o S 30 o N

  6. Convection Currents

  7. Global Convection Cells

  8. Global Wind Patterns

  9. The Coriolis Effect

  10. Jet Stream

  11. Forms high in the upper Troposphere between two air masses of different temperatures • Higher temperature difference = faster speed • Due to the Coriolis Effect, it flows around air masses. • Polar Jet: • It dips southward when frigid polar air masses move south. • It tends to stay north in the summer months Jet Stream

  12. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vanished/jetstr_five.html Jet Stream Animation

  13. Abnormally high surface ocean temperatures off the coast of South America • Causes unusual weather patterns across the globe El Nino

  14. A strong surface current • Begins at the tip of Florida • Flows up the eastern coastline of the U.S. • Crosses the Atlantic Ocean • Causes warmer climate in NW Europe Gulf Stream

  15. Why does the Earth have wind and ocean currents? Reflection Question

  16. Variables Affecting Local Weather

  17. When convection and winds cause air masses to move, they bump into one another. • The area where two air masses meet is called a front. • Most severe weather occurs near frontal boundaries. Fronts

  18. Cold Front- Cold air meets warm air- Fast moving and stormy, severe weather is likely

  19. Cold Front Symbol

  20. Warm Front- Warm air meets cold air- Slow moving with less severe weather

  21. Warm Front Symbol

  22. Warm and cool air masses that are not strong enough to move one another • Sits still for a long period of time Stationary Front

  23. Stationary Front Symbol

  24. Friction

  25. http://www.stevemcentee.com/animation3.html Frontal Boundary Simulations

  26. High and Low Pressure Circulation

  27. Air pressure is measured with a barometer in millibars. • Millibars are represented by connected lines of equal pressure. This is a lot like the topographic map lines. • The closer together the lines are, the faster the wind speed. • The farther apart the lines are, the slower the wind speed. Air Pressure and Wind

  28. The Sun heats the water and land every day. • Land heats up rapidly, but cools off rapidly. • Desert • Water heats up slowly, but cools off slowly. • Swimming at night • The heat retained by the oceans is what keeps our planet insulated. The Earth’s Insulator

  29. The heating and cooling of water and land produces land breezes and sea breezes. • High pressure moves toward low pressure, pushing the warm air upward. • As warm air rises, cooler air moves in and replaces it. Land and Sea Breezes

  30. Land Breeze

  31. Sea Breeze

  32. http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualizationhttp://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Simulation

  33. How do global patterns of atmospheric movement affect local weather? Reflection Question

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