Mark D. Tucker (505)844-7264 mdtucke@sandia Sandia National Laboratories

DF-200: Sandia Decontamination Formulation for Neutralization of CBW Agents and Toxic Industrial Chemicals Mark D. Tucker (505)844-7264 mdtucke@sandia.gov Sandia National Laboratories

Presentation Outline • Background • Performance Characteristics of DF-200 • Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents • Decontamination of Toxic Industrial Chemicals • Decontamination of Biological Warfare Agents and Pathogens • Commercialization • Other Decontamination Activities • Summary

Response to a Domestic CBW Incident Event Timeline Fate and Transport Modeling Re-Occupy Facility CBW Event Facility Restoration Mitigation First Response Detection Risk Assessment Decontamination / Restoration Event Timeline

Sandia Decon FoamDevelopment Overview Our Response Sandia has developed an aqueous formulation with low toxicity and corrosivity properties for the rapid destruction of CBW agents The Problem Historical decon formulations for CBW agents are highly toxic and/or highly corrosive The Challenges Rapid Deployment Rapid Destruction of CBW Agents Common Formulation for all CBW Agents Low toxicity and corrosivity The Objective To develop a rapid, effective, and safe decontamination technology for the restoration of civilian facilities in the event of a domestic terrorist attack

Corrosion Comparisons Steel Coupons Sandia Decon Foam - 24 Hour Exposure Bleach - 24 Hour Exposure Deionized Water - 24 Hour Exposure

DF-200 Formulation Characteristics • Rapid response • quick to deploy • quick to react • Low logistics support and water demand and minimal run-off of fluids • Minimal health and collateral damage • low toxicity and corrosivity properties • Applicable in a variety of scenarios • work has mostly focused on deployment as a foam • formulation can also be deployed as a spray, fog, mist, or cream • Successful results in a number of laboratory and field tests • RestOps, JSFDS, Dugway Spore Kill Tests • Successfully used in actual remediation of anthrax contaminated buildings

Sandia Decon Formulation Deployment

DF-200 Performance Neutralization of CW Agents Complete destruction of GD within 1 minute Complete destruction of VX within 10 minutes Complete destruction of HD within 30 minutes

DF-200 Performance Results against TICs Solution Testing: Malathion, Sodium Cyanide, Butyl Isocyanate, Carbon Disulfide Headspace Testing: Hydrogen Cyanide, Phosgene

DF-200 Performance Kill of BW Agents in DF-200 Kill of anthrax spores by DF-200 Kill of the plague bacterium by DF-200

Kill of Anthrax Simulant Scanning Electron Microscopy As received DF-100 Contact Time: 1 Hour Destruction of bacterial spores in DF-100

B. globigii Spore Kill - Room Test DF-100 Performance at Dugway Field Tests Test Parameters • 8’ x 8’ x 8’ office • Bacillus globigii spores • contaminated with a simulated explosion • spores ‘weathered’ for 24 hours and then sampled • room temperature = 41°F • Sandia formulation deployed as a foam • Intelagard backpack device • approximately 17liters applied (0.4 L/m2) • sampling occurred 24 hours after decon

B. globigii Spore Kill - Room Test Results of Dugway Field Tests using DF-100

Summary of Anthrax IncidentsSandia Foam Use (DF-100) • Capitol Hill Office Buildings • Sandia formulation (foam) successfully used in selected areas of Hart, Ford, and Dirksen office buildings • ABC Building (New York) • Sandia formulation (fog) successfully used • New York Post Building • Sandia formulation (fog) successfully used • AMI Building (Florida) • Sandia formulation (liquid bath) successfully used to decontaminate electronic media

DF-200 PerformanceSummary of Decon Effectiveness Application Rate: 0.5 L of DF-200 Liquid per square meter of contaminated surface Challenge Level (CW): 10 g of agent per square meter Challenge Level (BW): 107 organisms per square centimeter

EnviroFoam Technologies, Inc. 2903 Wall Triana Hwy Huntsville, Alabama 35824 Toll-free: (800) 542-4665 Phone: (256) 319-0137 Fax: (256) 461-8136 Modec, Inc. 4725 Oakland Street Denver, Colorado 80239 Toll-free: (800) 967-7887 Phone: (303) 373-2696 Fax: (303) 373-2699 Commercial Partners

The foam can be deployed through a variety of delivery systems - both large-scale and small-scale DF-200: Foam Deployment Intelagard CAF Backpack Envirofoam EasyCAFsTM System Hand-held Aspirating Air Foam Generator

EPA RegistrationDF-200 Status • As a result of the October 2001 anthrax incidents, the EPA is now clearly identified as the lead agency for remediation • The EPA has determined that all products used for anthrax remediation must be registered as sterilants • Sterilant registration requires completion of AOAC sporicidal tests against Bacillus and Clostridium spores on two different carriers (porcelain cylinder and suture loop) • Both Envirofoam Technologies and Modec have submitted their products to EPA-approved laboratories for testing • One company has passed the sporicidal tests while the other company’s tests are still in progress

Sandia Decon Formulation (DF-200)Military Use The US Military has recently purchased relatively large quantities of DF-200 for possible use in the War Against Terrorism

Other Decontamination WorkExpanded Uses for the DF-200 Technology Personnel Decon (With Licensees) DF-200 Formulation (Fog / Mist / Spray Applications) DF-200 CBW/TIC Decontamination Restoration DDAP (With LLNL) Containment / Mitigation

DF-200 TechnologySummary • DF-100 was successfully used in response to October 2001 anthrax incidents • DF-200 has been recently purchased by the U.S. Military under an urgent need order for possible use in the War Against Terrorism • DF-200 is applicable for response to CBW/TIC attacks in domestic scenarios • Many opportunities exist to utilize the fundamental DF-200 chemistry for new applications DF-200 Foam Demonstration for President George W. Bush; July 22, 2002 Contact Information Mark D. Tucker 505-844-7264 mdtucke@sandia.gov

Mark D. Tucker (505)844-7264 mdtucke@sandia Sandia National Laboratories