NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence

1. NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence COL Romualdas PETKEVIČIUS Director Energy security is our thing!

2. Energy in the Operational Hierarchy World Energy Choke Points • Strategic: • Petroleum resources increasingly concentrated outside direct NATO’s sphere of influence • Energy logistics limitations constrain National Defense options • Operational: • 70-80% of resupply volume is fuel and water, limits sustainment alternatives • Fully Burdened Cost of Fuel ranges from $3.95 to as high as $56/gal in Afghanistan. NDN 1 Casualty/ 46 Convoys In OEF • Tactical: • Energy drives key operational capabilities such as maneuver, awareness, communication, etc. • One Soldier 72 hours: 7 types, 70 batteries, 8 kg • Dismounted platoon for 72 hours: >200 kg of batteries PAK GLOC

3. Soldier Power Head Set (2) AA .106 lbs/.019 watts* Mark VII (1) 3.9 V lithium .256 lbs/.167 watts* AN/PVS 14 (Night Vision) (2) AA .106 lbs/.04 watts* PEQ-2A (2) AA .106 lbs/.011 Watts* MBITR (8) BB 521 6.4 lbs/5.33 watts* HTWS (Night) (12) AA Lithium .384 lbs/.68 watts* Sure Fire Light (6) CR-123A .222 lbs/.219 watts* M68 CCO (Day) (1) DL 1/3N .007 lbs/.00006 watts* Mag Lite (2) AA .106 lbs/.019 watts* LMR (8) 3600 mAh NIMH 6.4 lbs/1.51 watts* DAGR (24) AA & (1) ½ AA 1.3 lbs/.729 watts* P-Beacon (1) 9V .1 lbs/.049 watts* Total: 7 types of batteries, 70 batteries, 8 kg; 9.16 watts *Average Watts per 72 hours

4. Improving the energy military efficiency Exercises (ENERGEX 2012)is a Command Post Exercise (CPX) designed to analyze how different constrains of energy supply could affect sustainability of military capabilities in operational environment. Exercise participants are encouraged to apply creative thinking and looking for innovative solutions towards energy supply related issues in operational environment.

5. Conclusions after ENERGEX ‘12 • Biggest energy consumer – relatively static infrastructure • Traditional energy saving measures possible, however significant side effects possible • Reduced operational tempo results in marginal economy – negative impact on mission success • Use of alternative energy sources technologically possible and in long-term economically feasible • Use of alternative energy sources in home locations could contribute significantly to economic feasibility. ENERGEX 2012 provided significant educational, practical and interagency binding value

6. Energy Security in Operations Operational energy security*- uninterrupted access to reliable supplies of energy resources, capability to employ alternative energy sources in operational environment, efficient and environmentally friendly use of energy resources, and the ability to protect and safely deliver sufficient energy resources to meet operational needs without limiting combat capability. * Developed and used as a working definition by NATO ENSEC COE

7. Energy Management of Expeditionary EnvironmentMoving towards Sustainable Thinking, Energy Efficiency and Smart Base development Goal: Model for sustainable battalion size unit with deployable company Location: Taurage, Lithuanian Grand Duke Kestutis Mechanized Infantry Battalion Renewables Waste management Water management Period: 2013.04 – open ended

8. NATO ENSEC COE ENGAGEMENT IN GLOBAL EDUCATION & TRAINING(E&T) PROGRAMMING PROCESS Political / Military Direction & Guidance NATO ENERGY SECURITY EDUCATION AND TRAINING PLAN New Capabilities orOperational Shortfalls NATO IS ESCD as proposed Requirements Authority (RA) Training Requirements Analysis (Operationalization) Training Needs Analysis ENSECCOE as Department Head DH) to be approved Training Management System (Coordinating/organizing courses)

9. Study “Energy Efficiency: Cultural Change” • Why cultural dimension of energy efficient and viable operations? • Challenge: to use modern technologies to ensure efficient energy for viable military operations. • Evidence: slow progress - often not technological, but rather cultural issue: • prevailing competences (understandings, perceptions and behavioural schemes) within particular establishment • that shape the decision making process. 9

10. Training and Exercise NATO EXE (Regional) Steadfast Jazz 2013 (NRF) Baltic Host 2013 (HNS) SKOLKAN Scenario MEL/MIL development CMX – energy security dimension Vigilant Guard 2014 Way ahead: Baltic Region NRF EXE Maritime EXE in Mediterranean Region CRO EXE Vigilant Guard 14 Rapid trident 2014

11. Innovative Energy Solutions for Military ApplicationIESMA 2014 • Conference and exhibition bringing military, science and industry together • Discuss future concepts • Introduce possible solutions • Demonstrate current technologies

12. Critical Energy Infrastructure Protection

13. You don’t do it alone There exists possibilities for ENSEC COE to establish relationships with national and international entities, important for the further development and interoperability of the NATO ENSEC COE: • New Sponsoring Nations, Contributing Partners or NATO bodies • Other Partners from NATO Nations - local and international academia, educational institutions, think tanks, etc. • Other Partners from non NATO Nations. • Other International Organizations

14. NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence Thank You! COL Romualdas PETKEVIČIUS Director Energy security is our thing!