Biology Review Part II

1. Biology Review Part II

2. Goal 3 Diversity, Evolution, and Behavior

3. Lake Lure is a man-made lake in NC. The floor of the lake is filled with dead trees and debris remaining from the time of its construction. Over time, these items have become the natural habitat of the organisms living in the lake. • If a new species of fish were transferred from a natural lake to Lake Lure, which of the following would be altered? • The fish’s ability to adapt • The ecosystem of the fish • The ecosystem of the lake • The ability of the other fish to adapt

4. Lake Lure is a man-made lake in NC. The floor of the lake is filled with dead trees and debris remaining from the time of its construction. Over time, these items have become the natural habitat of the organisms living in the lake. • If a new species of fish were transferred from a natural lake to Lake Lure, which of the following would be altered? • The fish’s ability to adapt • The ecosystem of the fish • The ecosystem of the lake • The ability of the other fish to adapt

5. The fish turns out to hungrily consume two other species of fish in the lake, eventually causing their extinction. What is the correct description of this circumstance? • The species diversity of the ecosystem initially increased, then decreased • The genetic diversity of the ecosystem initially increased, then decreased • The genetic diversity of the ecosystem immediately decreased • The species diversity of the ecosystem immediately decreased

6. The fish turns out to hungrily consume two other species of fish in the lake, eventually causing their extinction. What is the correct description of this circumstance? • The species diversity of the ecosystem initially increased, then decreased • The genetic diversity of the ecosystem initially increased, then decreased • The genetic diversity of the ecosystem immediately decreased • The species diversity of the ecosystem immediately decreased

7. Wisdom teeth are the common name for the third molar in humans. They generally appear much later than all other adult teeth, and usually not until the age of 18. The teeth have no noticeable purpose to the modern human and are often pulled to make room for the other teeth in the mouth. The continued presence of wisdom teeth is a good example of • Homologous structures in humans • Vestigial structures in humans • Genetic diversity in humans • Adaptation to better dental care

8. Wisdom teeth are the common name for the third molar in humans. They generally appear much later than all other adult teeth, and usually not until the age of 18. The teeth have no noticeable purpose to the modern human and are often pulled to make room for the other teeth in the mouth. The continued presence of wisdom teeth is a good example of • Homologous structures in humans • Vestigial structures in humans • Genetic diversity in humans • Adaptation to better dental care

9. A fossil recognized as unique to a certain time period is known as what? • An index fossil • A distinct fossil • A marker fossil • A time marker fossil

10. A fossil recognized as unique to a certain time period is known as what? • An index fossil • A distinct fossil • A marker fossil • A time marker fossil

11. What led to the development of the Earth’s oxidizing atmosphere? • A change in the gases emitted from volcanoes • The weathering of ancient rock formations • The development of oxygen-producing life forms • A and C only

12. What led to the development of the Earth’s oxidizing atmosphere? • A change in the gases emitted from volcanoes • The weathering of ancient rock formations • The development of oxygen-producing life forms • A and C only

13. Which event listed below does not lead to fossil formation? • Floods • Forest fires • Earthquakes • Mudslides

14. Which event listed below does not lead to fossil formation? • Floods • Forest fires • Earthquakes • Mudslides

15. When is it hypothesized that the first living organisms appeared on Earth? • 3.8 billion years ago • 1.8 billion years ago • 440 million years ago • 3.8 million years ago

16. When is it hypothesized that the first living organisms appeared on Earth? • 3.8 billion years ago • 1.8 billion years ago • 440 million years ago • 3.8 million years ago

17. Why is it difficult to find fossils of cells? • Because none exist • Because humans cannot dig deep enough into the Earth • Because no catastrophic events occurred in the ecosystem of the early Earth • They are rare because cells have no hard parts that will fossilize

18. Why is it difficult to find fossils of cells? • Because none exist • Because humans cannot dig deep enough into the Earth • Because no catastrophic events occurred in the ecosystem of the early Earth • They are rare because cells have no hard parts that will fossilize

19. Ideas about evolution • Have already been thought • Are perfect and need no refinement • May change based on new data • Only involve animals

20. Ideas about evolution • Have already been thought • Are perfect and need no refinement • May change based on new data • Only involve animals

21. What is genetic drift? • The random change in genes within a population • The formation of a new species • The isolation of individual organisms of a population • The ability of an organism to survive in its environment

22. What is genetic drift? • The random change in genes within a population • The formation of a new species • The isolation of individual organisms of a population • The ability of an organism to survive in its environment

23. What are the effects of genetic drift and gene flow? • Change in gene occurrences • Change in vision acuity • Change in DNA replication patterns • Change in organism size

24. What are the effects of genetic drift and gene flow? • Change in gene occurrences • Change in vision acuity • Change in DNA replication patterns • Change in organism size

25. Which of the following are patterns of evolution? • Structural replication, reproductive homology, and special creation • Metabolic pathways, hormonal indicators and genetic studies • Modern creationism, fossil theory, and punctuational model • Convergent evolution, co-evolution, and divergent

26. Which of the following are patterns of evolution? • Structural replication, reproductive homology, and special creation • Metabolic pathways, hormonal indicators and genetic studies • Modern creationism, fossil theory, and punctuational model • Convergent evolution, co-evolution, and divergent

27. Cacti and Euphorbs are both plants that look very similar and live in desert climates. They both have spines, small leaves and water storage tissues in large, fleshy stems. Cacti are found in North America and Euphorbs are found in Asia and Africa. Despite the similarity in characteristics, these plants have very different flowers and are not closely related. What pattern of evolution is demonstrated by the Cacti and Euphorbs plants? • Convergent • Divergent • Co-evolution • Emigration

28. Cacti and Euphorbs are both plants that look very similar and live in desert climates. They both have spines, small leaves and water storage tissues in large, fleshy stems. Cacti are found in North America and Euphorbs are found in Asia and Africa. Despite the similarity in characteristics, these plants have very different flowers and are not closely related. What pattern of evolution is demonstrated by the Cacti and Euphorbs plants? • Convergent • Divergent • Co-evolution • Emigration

29. Darwin identified at least 13 different species of finch during his time on the Galapagos Islands. The main difference between the finches was the size and shape of their beaks. Which of the following statements best describes theses differences. • The beaks are vestigial structures • The beaks are analogous structures • The beaks co-evolved to suit their environment • The beaks are homologous structures

30. Darwin identified at least 13 different species of finch during his time on the Galapagos Islands. The main difference between the finches was the size and shape of their beaks. Which of the following statements best describes theses differences. • The beaks are vestigial structures • The beaks are analogous structures • The beaks co-evolved to suit their environment • The beaks are homologous structures

31. What is the time required for half of the parent isotope to decay into a daughter product is known as? • Half-life • Measurable rate • Parent-to-daughter reduction • Isotopic enumeration

32. What is the time required for half of the parent isotope to decay into a daughter product is known as? • Half-life • Measurable rate • Parent-to-daughter reduction • Isotopic enumeration

33. How do radioactive elements change into other elements? • By molecular collision • By decay • By combustion • By reduction

34. How do radioactive elements change into other elements? • By molecular collision • By decay • By combustion • By reduction

35. Evidence of evolution includes • Cave drawings, ancient stories and ceremonial rites • Homologous structures, DNA, and embryonic evidence • Eukaryotes, symbiosis, and competition • Nephrons, antibodies, and homeostasis

36. Evidence of evolution includes • Cave drawings, ancient stories and ceremonial rites • Homologous structures, DNA, and embryonic evidence • Eukaryotes, symbiosis, and competition • Nephrons, antibodies, and homeostasis

37. Two different organisms have anatomically similar structures that are believed to have originated from a common ancestor. The functions of the structures are different as a result of the environments in which the organisms live. These anatomically similar structures are • Vestigial • Mutations • Homologous • Tropisms

38. Two different organisms have anatomically similar structures that are believed to have originated from a common ancestor. The functions of the structures are different as a result of the environments in which the organisms live. These anatomically similar structures are • Vestigial • Mutations • Homologous • Tropisms

39. Natural selection states that individuals • With adaptive traits are more likely to survive • On the bottom level of a hierarchy have the greatest reproductive success • Demonstrating altruistic behavior are the ones with the most mutations • Remain unchanged over a period of time

40. Natural selection states that individuals • With adaptive traits are more likely to survive • On the bottom level of a hierarchy have the greatest reproductive success • Demonstrating altruistic behavior are the ones with the most mutations • Remain unchanged over a period of time

41. A mountain, ocean or ravine divides a population. Each population now resides in different environments. After many years, the organisms show genetic differences from the original population. Which of the following explains how this change occurred? • Bottlenecking • Divergent evolution • Co-evolution • Immigration

42. A mountain, ocean or ravine divides a population. Each population now resides in different environments. After many years, the organisms show genetic differences from the original population. Which of the following explains how this change occurred? • Bottlenecking • Divergent evolution • Co-evolution • Immigration

43. Humans have an appendix, a thin tube connected to the large intestine that serves no purpose and is a threat to human health and life if it becomes infected and/or inflamed. It is believed that the appendix once had a function as part of the human digestive system. The human appendix, therefore, is • A homologous structure • A vestigial organ • A vital organ • A mutation

44. Humans have an appendix, a thin tube connected to the large intestine that serves no purpose and is a threat to human health and life if it becomes infected and/or inflamed. It is believed that the appendix once had a function as part of the human digestive system. The human appendix, therefore, is • A homologous structure • A vestigial organ • A vital organ • A mutation

45. Brown bears and polar bears are examples of • Co-evolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Parallel evolution

46. Brown bears and polar bears are examples of • Co-evolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Parallel evolution

47. Certain insects and plants evolving in tandem is an example of • Co-evolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Parallel evolution

48. Certain insects and plants evolving in tandem is an example of • Co-evolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Parallel evolution

49. Sharks and whales are an example of • Co-evolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Parallel evolution

50. Sharks and whales are an example of • Co-evolution • Convergent evolution • Divergent evolution • Parallel evolution