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Immunology

Immunology. Adaptive immunity. T cells and B cells recognize antigen differently. B cells (antibody cells) recognize antigen alone B cells recognize intact antigen T cells recognize antigen + MHC T cells recognized processes antigen. T lymphocytes. Mature in the thymus

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Immunology

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  1. Immunology Adaptive immunity

  2. T cells and B cells recognize antigen differently • B cells (antibody cells) recognize antigen alone • B cells recognize intact antigen • T cells recognize antigen + MHC • T cells recognized processes antigen

  3. T lymphocytes • Mature in the thymus • T cells recognize only a small part of the antigen (B cells recognize intact antigen) • T cells recognize antigen only when it is bound with MHC • Major histocompatibility complex: important in tissue transplants • Then the T cells proliferate and differentiate into memory and effector T cells

  4. Antigen is presented to the T cells after it has been processed by the antigen presenting cell

  5. Antigen presenting cells • Takes in foreign particles - antigens • Breaks them down • Reexpresses fragments on the surface of their cells in combination with its own self proteins – MHC

  6. Two different types of T cells • Helper T cells • Contain CD4 glycoprotein on their surface • Recognize antigen bound to class II MHC • Initiate the proliferation of lymphocytes • Once activated, secretes cytokines (IL-2) that activate B cells, cytotoxic T cells and macrophages

  7. Cytotoxic T cells Have CD8 on their surface Recognize antigen in the context of MHC class I Don’t release cytokines Directly kill cells Kill virally infected cells and tumor cells Perforin produced – makes holes in the infected cell membrane Two different types of T cells

  8. Cytotoxic T cells

  9. Helper and cytotoxic T cells

  10. Helper and cytotoxic T cells

  11. Summary of different cells

  12. Antigen is processed/broken down before it is presented to the T cell (antigen presenting cells): proteosome Internal foreign antigen It must bind with MHC and then it is recognized by the T cell receptor MHC Class I = CD8 = cytotoxic T cells CD8 cells recognize antigen in the context of MHC class I

  13. Antigen is processed/broken down before it is presented to the T cell External foreign protein It must bind with MHC and then it is recognized by the T cell receptor MHC Class II = CD4 = helper T cells CD4 cells recognize antigen in the context of MHC class II

  14. Summary of different pathways

  15. Processing pathways animations • http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/Immunology/Flash/MHCI.html; http://www-ermm.cbcu.cam.ac.uk/smc/swf002smc.htm

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